pH salivar como marcador biológico em pacientes diagnosticados com carcinoma epidermóide oral de Guantánamo
Palavras-chave:
câncer bucal, carcinoma de células escamosas, dieta, pH salivar, oncoespecífico, cárie dentária, doença periodontalResumo
Introdução: o câncer bucal é um problema de saúde global.
Objetivo: comparar as variações do pH salivar entre pacientes com carcinoma espinocelular recém-diagnosticado, após tratamento oncoespecífico, e indivíduos aparentemente saudáveis da província de Guantánamo, Cuba, no período de novembro de 2019 a janeiro de 2022.
Método: estudo descritivo, comparativo, cruzado seccional, em pacientes ambulatoriais da consulta de Cirurgia Bucomaxilofacial do Hospital General Docente “Dr. Agostinho Neto”. O grupo de estudo foi composto por 200 pacientes divididos em 3 subgrupos: subgrupo I (50 pacientes recém-diagnosticados com carcinoma espinocelular oral, com diagnóstico concomitante de cárie dentária e periodontite crônica do adulto); subgrupo II (50 pacientes com a patologia supracitada após tratamento oncoespecífico, tratados para as doenças bucais supracitadas) e subgrupo III (100 pacientes controles aparentemente saudáveis). As variáveis estudadas foram: idade, sexo, tipo de dieta e pH salivar.
Resultados: a média de idade foi de 59,8 anos, 70% eram homens. A dieta consumida e cada subgrupo foram associados (p=0,001). O pH salivar de pacientes recém-diagnosticados com carcinoma espinocelular afetados por ambas as doenças bucais foi ácido (6,25±0,37) em comparação com os outros subgrupos. 98,6% dos pacientes com pH salivar ácido apresentaram dieta habitual baseada em carboidratos e gorduras (p=0,000).
Conclusões: evidenciou-se que o pH salivar dos pacientes com carcinoma espinocelular recém-diagnosticado foi ácido em relação aos demais subgrupos. Portanto, esse parâmetro pode ser utilizado como marcador biológico da doença.
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Referências
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8. Iorgulescu G. Saliva between normal and pathological. Important factors in determining systemic and oral health. J Med Life [Internet]. 2009 Jul-Sep [citado 28 Mayo 2021]; 2(3):303-7. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20112475/
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10.Seethalakshmi C, et al. Correlation of Salivary pH, Incidence of Dental Caries and Periodontal Status in Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Cross-sectional Study. J Clin Diagn Res [Internet]. 2016 [citado 28 Mayo 2021]; 10(3):ZC12-ZC14. DOI: http://dx.doi.org /10.7860/JCDR/2016/16310.7351
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12.Surlari Z, Virvescu DI, Baciu ER, Vasluianu RI, Budal DG. The Link between Periodontal Disease and Oral Cancer-A Certainty or a Never-Ending Dilemma? Appl Sci [Internet]. 2021 [citado 2 Mayo 2022]; 11(24):12100. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390 /app112412100
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18.Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA, Jemal A. Global Cancer Statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries. CA Cancer J Clin [Internet]. 2018 [citado 7 Abr 2021]. 68(6):394-424. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21492
19.Lawrence HP. Salivary markers of systemic disease: noninvasive diagnosis of disease and monitoring of general health. J Can Dent Assoc [Internet]. 2002 [citado 7 Abr 2021]; 68(3):170-4. PMID: 11911813
20.Ramya AS, Uppala D, Majumdar S, Surekha Ch, Deepak KG. Are salivary amylase and pH - Prognostic indicators of cancers? J Oral Biol Craniofac Res [Internet]. 2015 [citado 7 Abr 2021]; 5(2):81-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobcr.2015.04.002
21.Swietach P, Vaughan-Jones RD, Harris AL, Hulikova A. The chemistry, physiology and pathology of pH in cancer. Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. [Internet]. 2014 [citado 7 Abr 2021]; 369(1638):20130099. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2013.0099
22.Jiang B. Aerobic glycolysis and high level of lactate in cancer metabolism and microenvironment. Genes Dis [Internet]. 2017 [citado 7 Abr 2021]; 4(1):25-27. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gendis.2017.02.003
23.Tiwana MS, Mahajan MK, Uppal B, Koshy G, Sachdeva J, Lee HN, Talole SD. Whole saliva physico-biochemical changes and quality of life in head and neck cancer patients following conventional radiation therapy: a prospective longitudinal study. Indian J Cancer [Internet]. 2011 [citado 7 Abr 2021]; 48(3):289-95. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-509X.84918
24.Moynihan P. The interrelationship between diet and oral health. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society. Cambridge University Press [Internet]. 2005 [citado 7 Abr 2021]; 64(4):571-80. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1079/PNS2005431
25.Key TJ, Bradbury KE, Perez-Cornago A, Sinha R, Tsilidis KK, Tsugane S. Diet, nutrition, and cancer risk: what do we know and what is the way forward? BMJ [Internet]. 2020 [citado 7 Abr 2021]; 368:m511. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m511b
26.La Vecchia C, Negri E, D’Avanzo B, Boyle P, Franceschi S. Dietary indicators of oral and pharyngeal cancer. Int J Epidemiol [Internet]. 1991 [citado 7 Abr 2021]; 20(1):39-44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/20.1.39
27.Secchi DG, Aballay LR, Galíndez MF, Piccini D, Lanfranchi H, Brunotto M. Red meat, micronutrients and oral squamous cell carcinoma of argentine adult patients. Nutr Hosp [Internet]. 2015 Sep 1 [citado 7 Abr 2021]; 32(3):1214-1221. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3305/nh.2015.32.3.9277
28.Zheng W, Blot WJ, Diamond EL, Norkus EP, Spate V, Morris JS, Comstock GW. Serum micronutrients and the subsequent risk of oral and pharyngeal cancer. Cancer Res [Internet] 1993 [citado 7 Abr 2021]; 53(4):795-8. PMID: 8428360.
29.Starska-Kowarska K. Dietary Carotenoids in Head and Neck Cancer-Molecular and Clinical Implications. Nutrients. [Internet]. 2022 [citado 7 Abr 2021]; 14(3):531. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14030531
30.Patel A, Pathak Y, Patel J, Sutariya V. Role of nutritional factors in pathogenesis of cancer. Food Quality and Safety. [Internet]. 2018 March [citado 7 Abr 2021]; 2(1):27-36. DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.1093/fqsafe/fyx033
31.Brewczyński A, Jabłońska B, Kentnowski M, Mrowiec S, Składowski K, Rutkowski T. The Association between Carotenoids and Head and Neck Cancer Risk. Nutrients [Internet]. 2021 [citado 7 Abr 2021]; 14(1):88. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14010088
2. Lip-oral-cavity Fact Sheets, Globocan‑2020, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization [Internet]. 2021 [citado 7 Abr 2021]. Disponible en: https://gco.iarc.fr/today/data/factsheets/cancers /1-Lip-oral-cavity-fact-sheet.pdf
3. Lara Gongora AB, Werutsky G, Jardim DL, Nogueira-Rodrigues A, Barrios CH, Mathias C, Maluf F, et al. Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Oncology Clinical Research in Latin America (LACOG 0420). JCO Glob Oncol [Internet]. 2021 Apr [citado 7 Abr 2021]; 7:649-658. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1200/GO.20.00663
4. Cuba. Ministerio de Salud Pública. Tasas de morbilidad y Mortalidad por cáncer. en: Anuario Estadístico de Salud 2020. Dirección Nacional de Registros Médicos y Estadísticas de Salud; La Habana. [Internet]. 2021 [citado 28 Mayo 2021]. Disponible en: https://files.sld.cu /bvscuba/files/2021/08/Anuario-Estadistico-Espa%c3%b1ol-2020-Definiti vo.pdf
5. Pérez Delgado N, Urgellés Rodríguez E, González Torres L. Comportamiento clínico-epidemiológico del cáncer bucal en provincia Guantánamo, 2007-2018. Rev Inf Cient [Internet]. 2019 [citado 11 Feb 2022]; 98(4). Disponible en: http://scielo.sld.cu/pdf/ric/v98n4/1028-9933-ric-98-04-448.pdf
6. Yi-Shing LS, Rees T, Wright J. A review of research on salivary biomarkers for oral cancer detection. Clin Transl Med [Internet]. 2014 [citado 28 Mayo 2021]; 3:3. Disponible en: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/2001-1326-3-3
7. Baliga S, Muglikar S, Kale R. Salivary pH: A diagnostic biomarker. Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology. [Internet]. 2013 [citado 28 Mayo 2021]; 17(4):461-465. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/0972-124X.118317
8. Iorgulescu G. Saliva between normal and pathological. Important factors in determining systemic and oral health. J Med Life [Internet]. 2009 Jul-Sep [citado 28 Mayo 2021]; 2(3):303-7. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20112475/
9. Swietach P, Vaughan-Jones RD, Harris AL, Hulikova A. The chemistry, physiology and pathology of pH in cancer. Phil Trans R Soc [Internet]. 2014 [citado 28 Mayo 2021]; 369(1638):20130099. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2013.0099
10.Seethalakshmi C, et al. Correlation of Salivary pH, Incidence of Dental Caries and Periodontal Status in Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Cross-sectional Study. J Clin Diagn Res [Internet]. 2016 [citado 28 Mayo 2021]; 10(3):ZC12-ZC14. DOI: http://dx.doi.org /10.7860/JCDR/2016/16310.7351
11.Zhao H, Chu M, Huang Z, Yang X, Ran S, Hu B, Zhang C, Liang J. Variations in oral microbiota associated with oral cancer. Sci Rep [Internet]. 2017 Sep 18 [citado 28 Mayo 2021]; 7(1):11773. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-11779-9
12.Surlari Z, Virvescu DI, Baciu ER, Vasluianu RI, Budal DG. The Link between Periodontal Disease and Oral Cancer-A Certainty or a Never-Ending Dilemma? Appl Sci [Internet]. 2021 [citado 2 Mayo 2022]; 11(24):12100. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390 /app112412100
13.Chattopadhyay I, Verma M, Panda M. Role of Oral Microbiome Signatures in Diagnosis and Prognosis of Oral Cancer. Technol Cancer Res Treat [Internet]. 2019 Jan 1 [citado 2 Mayo 2022]; 18:1533033819867354. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/ 1533033819867354
14.World Medical Association. Declaration of Helsinki: ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. JAMA [Internet]. 2013 Oct [citado 14 Sep 2022]; 310(20):2191-2194. Disponible en: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/1760318
15.Cerón-Bastidas Ximena Andrea. El sistema ICDAS como método complementario para el diagnóstico de caries dental. CES Odontología [Internet]. 2015 [citado 23 Mayo 2022]; 28(2):100-109. Disponible en: http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script =sci_arttext &pid= S0120-971X2015000200008&lng=en
16.Russell AL. The Periodontal Index. The Journal of Periodontology [Internet]. 1967 [citado 2 Mayo 2022]; 38:585-591. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.1967.38.6_part2.585
17.Hille J, Johnson NW. The burden of oral cancer in sub-Saharan Africa: An estimate as presented to the Global Oral Cancer Forum, March 2016. Translational Research in Oral Oncology [Internet]. 2017 [citado 13 Mayo 2020]; 2:1-13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/2057178X17721094
18.Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA, Jemal A. Global Cancer Statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries. CA Cancer J Clin [Internet]. 2018 [citado 7 Abr 2021]. 68(6):394-424. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21492
19.Lawrence HP. Salivary markers of systemic disease: noninvasive diagnosis of disease and monitoring of general health. J Can Dent Assoc [Internet]. 2002 [citado 7 Abr 2021]; 68(3):170-4. PMID: 11911813
20.Ramya AS, Uppala D, Majumdar S, Surekha Ch, Deepak KG. Are salivary amylase and pH - Prognostic indicators of cancers? J Oral Biol Craniofac Res [Internet]. 2015 [citado 7 Abr 2021]; 5(2):81-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobcr.2015.04.002
21.Swietach P, Vaughan-Jones RD, Harris AL, Hulikova A. The chemistry, physiology and pathology of pH in cancer. Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. [Internet]. 2014 [citado 7 Abr 2021]; 369(1638):20130099. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2013.0099
22.Jiang B. Aerobic glycolysis and high level of lactate in cancer metabolism and microenvironment. Genes Dis [Internet]. 2017 [citado 7 Abr 2021]; 4(1):25-27. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gendis.2017.02.003
23.Tiwana MS, Mahajan MK, Uppal B, Koshy G, Sachdeva J, Lee HN, Talole SD. Whole saliva physico-biochemical changes and quality of life in head and neck cancer patients following conventional radiation therapy: a prospective longitudinal study. Indian J Cancer [Internet]. 2011 [citado 7 Abr 2021]; 48(3):289-95. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-509X.84918
24.Moynihan P. The interrelationship between diet and oral health. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society. Cambridge University Press [Internet]. 2005 [citado 7 Abr 2021]; 64(4):571-80. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1079/PNS2005431
25.Key TJ, Bradbury KE, Perez-Cornago A, Sinha R, Tsilidis KK, Tsugane S. Diet, nutrition, and cancer risk: what do we know and what is the way forward? BMJ [Internet]. 2020 [citado 7 Abr 2021]; 368:m511. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m511b
26.La Vecchia C, Negri E, D’Avanzo B, Boyle P, Franceschi S. Dietary indicators of oral and pharyngeal cancer. Int J Epidemiol [Internet]. 1991 [citado 7 Abr 2021]; 20(1):39-44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/20.1.39
27.Secchi DG, Aballay LR, Galíndez MF, Piccini D, Lanfranchi H, Brunotto M. Red meat, micronutrients and oral squamous cell carcinoma of argentine adult patients. Nutr Hosp [Internet]. 2015 Sep 1 [citado 7 Abr 2021]; 32(3):1214-1221. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3305/nh.2015.32.3.9277
28.Zheng W, Blot WJ, Diamond EL, Norkus EP, Spate V, Morris JS, Comstock GW. Serum micronutrients and the subsequent risk of oral and pharyngeal cancer. Cancer Res [Internet] 1993 [citado 7 Abr 2021]; 53(4):795-8. PMID: 8428360.
29.Starska-Kowarska K. Dietary Carotenoids in Head and Neck Cancer-Molecular and Clinical Implications. Nutrients. [Internet]. 2022 [citado 7 Abr 2021]; 14(3):531. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14030531
30.Patel A, Pathak Y, Patel J, Sutariya V. Role of nutritional factors in pathogenesis of cancer. Food Quality and Safety. [Internet]. 2018 March [citado 7 Abr 2021]; 2(1):27-36. DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.1093/fqsafe/fyx033
31.Brewczyński A, Jabłońska B, Kentnowski M, Mrowiec S, Składowski K, Rutkowski T. The Association between Carotenoids and Head and Neck Cancer Risk. Nutrients [Internet]. 2021 [citado 7 Abr 2021]; 14(1):88. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14010088
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2022-09-08
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Urgelles-Rodriguez E, Legrá-López H, Ricardo-Chacón OA. pH salivar como marcador biológico em pacientes diagnosticados com carcinoma epidermóide oral de Guantánamo. Rev Inf Cient [Internet]. 8º de setembro de 2022 [citado 2º de abril de 2025];101(4):e3891. Disponível em: https://revinfcientifica.sld.cu/index.php/ric/article/view/3891
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