Salivary pH as diagnostic biomarker in patients diagnosed with oral squamous cells carcinoma in Guantanamo
Keywords:
oral cancer, epidermoid carcinoma, diet, salivary pH, oncospecific, dental caries, periodontopathiesAbstract
Introduction: oral cancer is a common health problem worldwide.
Objective: compare the salivary pH range changes among patients diagnosed recently with oral squamous cells carcinoma after receiving oncospecific treatment and subjects apparently healthy, Guantanamo, Cuba, period time November 2019 -January 2022.
Method: a descriptive, comparative, cross-sectional study was carried out in outpatients of the Maxillofacial Surgery Consultation room at the Hospital General Docente "Dr. Agostinho Neto". The study group consisted of 200 patients divided into 3 subgroups: subgroup I (50 newly diagnosed patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma, with concomitant diagnosis of dental caries and chronic adult periodontitis); subgroup II (50 patients with the aforementioned pathology after oncospecific treatment, treated for the aforementioned oral diseases) and subgroup III (100 apparently healthy control patients). The following variables were studied: age, sex, type of diet and salivary pH.
Results: average age was 59.8 years, 70% were men. There was an association between the diet consumed and each subgroup (p=0.001). The salivary pH of newly diagnosed squamous cell carcinoma patients affected by both oral diseases was acidic (6.25±0.37) compared to the other subgroups. The 98.6% of patients with acid salivary pH presented a usual diet based on carbohydrates and fats (p=0.000).
Conclusions: It was shown that the salivary pH of newly diagnosed patients with squamous cell carcinoma was acidic compared to the other subgroups. Therefore, this parameter can be used as a biological marker of the disease.
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References
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24.Moynihan P. The interrelationship between diet and oral health. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society. Cambridge University Press [Internet]. 2005 [citado 7 Abr 2021]; 64(4):571-80. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1079/PNS2005431
25.Key TJ, Bradbury KE, Perez-Cornago A, Sinha R, Tsilidis KK, Tsugane S. Diet, nutrition, and cancer risk: what do we know and what is the way forward? BMJ [Internet]. 2020 [citado 7 Abr 2021]; 368:m511. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m511b
26.La Vecchia C, Negri E, D’Avanzo B, Boyle P, Franceschi S. Dietary indicators of oral and pharyngeal cancer. Int J Epidemiol [Internet]. 1991 [citado 7 Abr 2021]; 20(1):39-44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/20.1.39
27.Secchi DG, Aballay LR, Galíndez MF, Piccini D, Lanfranchi H, Brunotto M. Red meat, micronutrients and oral squamous cell carcinoma of argentine adult patients. Nutr Hosp [Internet]. 2015 Sep 1 [citado 7 Abr 2021]; 32(3):1214-1221. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3305/nh.2015.32.3.9277
28.Zheng W, Blot WJ, Diamond EL, Norkus EP, Spate V, Morris JS, Comstock GW. Serum micronutrients and the subsequent risk of oral and pharyngeal cancer. Cancer Res [Internet] 1993 [citado 7 Abr 2021]; 53(4):795-8. PMID: 8428360.
29.Starska-Kowarska K. Dietary Carotenoids in Head and Neck Cancer-Molecular and Clinical Implications. Nutrients. [Internet]. 2022 [citado 7 Abr 2021]; 14(3):531. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14030531
30.Patel A, Pathak Y, Patel J, Sutariya V. Role of nutritional factors in pathogenesis of cancer. Food Quality and Safety. [Internet]. 2018 March [citado 7 Abr 2021]; 2(1):27-36. DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.1093/fqsafe/fyx033
31.Brewczyński A, Jabłońska B, Kentnowski M, Mrowiec S, Składowski K, Rutkowski T. The Association between Carotenoids and Head and Neck Cancer Risk. Nutrients [Internet]. 2021 [citado 7 Abr 2021]; 14(1):88. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14010088
2. Lip-oral-cavity Fact Sheets, Globocan‑2020, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization [Internet]. 2021 [citado 7 Abr 2021]. Disponible en: https://gco.iarc.fr/today/data/factsheets/cancers /1-Lip-oral-cavity-fact-sheet.pdf
3. Lara Gongora AB, Werutsky G, Jardim DL, Nogueira-Rodrigues A, Barrios CH, Mathias C, Maluf F, et al. Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Oncology Clinical Research in Latin America (LACOG 0420). JCO Glob Oncol [Internet]. 2021 Apr [citado 7 Abr 2021]; 7:649-658. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1200/GO.20.00663
4. Cuba. Ministerio de Salud Pública. Tasas de morbilidad y Mortalidad por cáncer. en: Anuario Estadístico de Salud 2020. Dirección Nacional de Registros Médicos y Estadísticas de Salud; La Habana. [Internet]. 2021 [citado 28 Mayo 2021]. Disponible en: https://files.sld.cu /bvscuba/files/2021/08/Anuario-Estadistico-Espa%c3%b1ol-2020-Definiti vo.pdf
5. Pérez Delgado N, Urgellés Rodríguez E, González Torres L. Comportamiento clínico-epidemiológico del cáncer bucal en provincia Guantánamo, 2007-2018. Rev Inf Cient [Internet]. 2019 [citado 11 Feb 2022]; 98(4). Disponible en: http://scielo.sld.cu/pdf/ric/v98n4/1028-9933-ric-98-04-448.pdf
6. Yi-Shing LS, Rees T, Wright J. A review of research on salivary biomarkers for oral cancer detection. Clin Transl Med [Internet]. 2014 [citado 28 Mayo 2021]; 3:3. Disponible en: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/2001-1326-3-3
7. Baliga S, Muglikar S, Kale R. Salivary pH: A diagnostic biomarker. Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology. [Internet]. 2013 [citado 28 Mayo 2021]; 17(4):461-465. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/0972-124X.118317
8. Iorgulescu G. Saliva between normal and pathological. Important factors in determining systemic and oral health. J Med Life [Internet]. 2009 Jul-Sep [citado 28 Mayo 2021]; 2(3):303-7. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20112475/
9. Swietach P, Vaughan-Jones RD, Harris AL, Hulikova A. The chemistry, physiology and pathology of pH in cancer. Phil Trans R Soc [Internet]. 2014 [citado 28 Mayo 2021]; 369(1638):20130099. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2013.0099
10.Seethalakshmi C, et al. Correlation of Salivary pH, Incidence of Dental Caries and Periodontal Status in Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Cross-sectional Study. J Clin Diagn Res [Internet]. 2016 [citado 28 Mayo 2021]; 10(3):ZC12-ZC14. DOI: http://dx.doi.org /10.7860/JCDR/2016/16310.7351
11.Zhao H, Chu M, Huang Z, Yang X, Ran S, Hu B, Zhang C, Liang J. Variations in oral microbiota associated with oral cancer. Sci Rep [Internet]. 2017 Sep 18 [citado 28 Mayo 2021]; 7(1):11773. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-11779-9
12.Surlari Z, Virvescu DI, Baciu ER, Vasluianu RI, Budal DG. The Link between Periodontal Disease and Oral Cancer-A Certainty or a Never-Ending Dilemma? Appl Sci [Internet]. 2021 [citado 2 Mayo 2022]; 11(24):12100. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390 /app112412100
13.Chattopadhyay I, Verma M, Panda M. Role of Oral Microbiome Signatures in Diagnosis and Prognosis of Oral Cancer. Technol Cancer Res Treat [Internet]. 2019 Jan 1 [citado 2 Mayo 2022]; 18:1533033819867354. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/ 1533033819867354
14.World Medical Association. Declaration of Helsinki: ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. JAMA [Internet]. 2013 Oct [citado 14 Sep 2022]; 310(20):2191-2194. Disponible en: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/1760318
15.Cerón-Bastidas Ximena Andrea. El sistema ICDAS como método complementario para el diagnóstico de caries dental. CES Odontología [Internet]. 2015 [citado 23 Mayo 2022]; 28(2):100-109. Disponible en: http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script =sci_arttext &pid= S0120-971X2015000200008&lng=en
16.Russell AL. The Periodontal Index. The Journal of Periodontology [Internet]. 1967 [citado 2 Mayo 2022]; 38:585-591. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.1967.38.6_part2.585
17.Hille J, Johnson NW. The burden of oral cancer in sub-Saharan Africa: An estimate as presented to the Global Oral Cancer Forum, March 2016. Translational Research in Oral Oncology [Internet]. 2017 [citado 13 Mayo 2020]; 2:1-13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/2057178X17721094
18.Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA, Jemal A. Global Cancer Statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries. CA Cancer J Clin [Internet]. 2018 [citado 7 Abr 2021]. 68(6):394-424. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21492
19.Lawrence HP. Salivary markers of systemic disease: noninvasive diagnosis of disease and monitoring of general health. J Can Dent Assoc [Internet]. 2002 [citado 7 Abr 2021]; 68(3):170-4. PMID: 11911813
20.Ramya AS, Uppala D, Majumdar S, Surekha Ch, Deepak KG. Are salivary amylase and pH - Prognostic indicators of cancers? J Oral Biol Craniofac Res [Internet]. 2015 [citado 7 Abr 2021]; 5(2):81-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobcr.2015.04.002
21.Swietach P, Vaughan-Jones RD, Harris AL, Hulikova A. The chemistry, physiology and pathology of pH in cancer. Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. [Internet]. 2014 [citado 7 Abr 2021]; 369(1638):20130099. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2013.0099
22.Jiang B. Aerobic glycolysis and high level of lactate in cancer metabolism and microenvironment. Genes Dis [Internet]. 2017 [citado 7 Abr 2021]; 4(1):25-27. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gendis.2017.02.003
23.Tiwana MS, Mahajan MK, Uppal B, Koshy G, Sachdeva J, Lee HN, Talole SD. Whole saliva physico-biochemical changes and quality of life in head and neck cancer patients following conventional radiation therapy: a prospective longitudinal study. Indian J Cancer [Internet]. 2011 [citado 7 Abr 2021]; 48(3):289-95. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-509X.84918
24.Moynihan P. The interrelationship between diet and oral health. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society. Cambridge University Press [Internet]. 2005 [citado 7 Abr 2021]; 64(4):571-80. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1079/PNS2005431
25.Key TJ, Bradbury KE, Perez-Cornago A, Sinha R, Tsilidis KK, Tsugane S. Diet, nutrition, and cancer risk: what do we know and what is the way forward? BMJ [Internet]. 2020 [citado 7 Abr 2021]; 368:m511. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m511b
26.La Vecchia C, Negri E, D’Avanzo B, Boyle P, Franceschi S. Dietary indicators of oral and pharyngeal cancer. Int J Epidemiol [Internet]. 1991 [citado 7 Abr 2021]; 20(1):39-44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/20.1.39
27.Secchi DG, Aballay LR, Galíndez MF, Piccini D, Lanfranchi H, Brunotto M. Red meat, micronutrients and oral squamous cell carcinoma of argentine adult patients. Nutr Hosp [Internet]. 2015 Sep 1 [citado 7 Abr 2021]; 32(3):1214-1221. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3305/nh.2015.32.3.9277
28.Zheng W, Blot WJ, Diamond EL, Norkus EP, Spate V, Morris JS, Comstock GW. Serum micronutrients and the subsequent risk of oral and pharyngeal cancer. Cancer Res [Internet] 1993 [citado 7 Abr 2021]; 53(4):795-8. PMID: 8428360.
29.Starska-Kowarska K. Dietary Carotenoids in Head and Neck Cancer-Molecular and Clinical Implications. Nutrients. [Internet]. 2022 [citado 7 Abr 2021]; 14(3):531. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14030531
30.Patel A, Pathak Y, Patel J, Sutariya V. Role of nutritional factors in pathogenesis of cancer. Food Quality and Safety. [Internet]. 2018 March [citado 7 Abr 2021]; 2(1):27-36. DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.1093/fqsafe/fyx033
31.Brewczyński A, Jabłońska B, Kentnowski M, Mrowiec S, Składowski K, Rutkowski T. The Association between Carotenoids and Head and Neck Cancer Risk. Nutrients [Internet]. 2021 [citado 7 Abr 2021]; 14(1):88. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14010088
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Published
2022-09-08
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Urgelles-Rodriguez E, Legrá-López H, Ricardo-Chacón OA. Salivary pH as diagnostic biomarker in patients diagnosed with oral squamous cells carcinoma in Guantanamo. Rev Inf Cient [Internet]. 2022 Sep. 8 [cited 2025 Apr. 2];101(4):e3891. Available from: https://revinfcientifica.sld.cu/index.php/ric/article/view/3891
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