Effectiveness of physical exercise in the control of arterial hypertension in adults: systematic review and meta-analysis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14750580Keywords:
arterial hypertension, adult, physical exercise, review, meta-analysisAbstract
Introduction: high blood pressure (HBP) is the most common cardiovascular disease in adults. There are studies that suggest that physical exercise can be implemented as therapy and prophylaxis of HBP, given its hypotensive effects.
Objective: to systematically evaluate the effect of physical exercise on blood pressure levels in patients with high blood pressure, pooling evidence from randomized clinical trials.
Method: A systematic review was performed in accordance with the PRISMA statement. We searched electronic databases for randomized controlled trials between 2004 and 2024. Risk of Bias 2 was used to assess risk of bias. Subsequently, a meta-analysis was carried out using the inverse variance method for random models to evaluate the outcome variable through the difference in means.
Results: 11 trials were included in which aerobic exercise predominated as the main intervention exercise. The grouped analysis showed a difference between the blood pressure (BP) figures recorded before and after exercise: systolic BP (χ2=22.82; p<0.01), and diastolic BP (χ2=8.69; p<0.01), there was statistical evidence of heterogeneity among the included studies. The standard mean difference of systolic BP (-0.34) had a significant negative value 95 % CI (-0.63, -0.04); on the other hand, the difference in diastolic BP, although negative (-0.15), was not significant, 95 % CI (-0.81, 0.09).
Conclusions: aerobic exercise was the most used modality to explore the hypotensive effect. In general, the pooled statistical evidence from the studies analyzed suggests that performing physical exercise had positive repercussions on the control and reduction of blood pressure in hypertensive adults.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
1. Zhu Z, Yan W, Yu Q, Wu P, Bigambo FM, Chen J. Association between Exercise and Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Residents: A Meta-Analysis. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med [Internet]. 2022 [citado 9 Jun 2024]; 2022:1–13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/2453805
2. Guerra O, Rodriguez E, Barceló S. Efectos del Ejercicio Físico en adultos Mayores. Rev Hallazgos21 [Internet]. 2022 [citado 26 Jun 2024]; 7(2):189–195. Disponible en: http://revistas.pucese.edu.ec/hallazgos21/
3. Kazeminia M, Daneshkhah A, Jalali R, Vaisi-Raygani A, Salari N, Mohammadi M. The Effect of Exercise on the Older Adult’s Blood Pressure Suffering Hypertension: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Clinical Trial Studies. Int J Hypertens [Internet]. 2020 [citado 9 Jun 2024]; 2020:1–19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/2786120
4. Hunter PG, Chapman FA, Dhaun N. Hypertension: Current trends and future perspectives. Br J Clin Pharmacol [Internet]. 2021 [citado 21 Jun 2024]; 87(10):3721–3736. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/bcp.14825
5. Carbo Coronel G, Berrones Vivar LF. Riesgos modificables relacionados a la hipertensión arterial. Más Vita Rev Cienc Salud [Internet]. 2022 [citado 26 Jun 2024]; 4(2):196–214. DOI: https://doi.org/10.47606/ACVEN/MV0117
6. Ministerio de Sanidad. Indicadores clave Sistema Nacional de Salud [Internet]. España: Ministerio de Sanidad; 2024 [consultado 26 Jun 2024]. Disponible en: https://inclasns.sanidad.gob.es/main.html
7. Greca R la, Koretzky M, Caniffi C, Damianich G, Choi M. Manejo ambulatorio de la hipertensión arterial en el adulto mayor de 80 años. 2023. Rev Argent Cardiol [Internet]. 2023 [citado 26 Jun 2024]; 91(Supl.7):e52. Disponible en: https://www.fundacionfemeba.org.ar/blog/farmacologia-7/post/manejo-ambulatorio-de-la-hipertension-arterial-en-las-personas-mayores-de-80-anos-documento-de-posicion-de-la-sociedad-argentina-de-cardiologia-51584
8. Seaberg P. La hipertensión y su tratamiento. Una combinación de directrices de Europa y Estados Unidos [Internet]. 2020 [citado 2024 Jun 26]; p. e54. Disponible en: http://ghi.llu.edu/sites/ghi.llu.edu/files/docs/GHC%202020/Speaker%20PPT/Spanish%20Speaker%20PPT/Medicine%20-%20Hypertension%20and%20Its%20Treatment%20-%20Presentation%20Spanish.pdf
9. Navarro O, Picon Y, Conde G, Fernández L, Zabala C, López J. Utilidad del monitoreo ambulatorio de la presión arterial de 24 horas en una población con alto riesgo cardiovascular. Cir Cir [Internet]. 2020 [citado 26 Jun 2024]; 88(5):617–23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24875/ciru.20001576
10. Gambardella J, Morelli MB, Wang X, Santulli G. Pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of physical activity in hypertension. J Clin Hypertens [Internet]. 2020 [citado 9 Jun 2024]; 22(2):291–295. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jch.13804
11. Palo J. Ejercicio físico en pacientes con riesgo cardiovascular: aproximación a la situación desde la farmacia comunitaria. Farm Comunitarios [Internet]. 2020 [citado 26 Jun 2024]; 12(2):14–22. Disponible en: http://www.farmaceuticoscomunitarios.org/es/system/files/journals/1931/articles/fc2020-12-2-03ejercicio-fisico-rcv.pdf
12. San Martín C, Rojas C, Sáez F. Efectos de la actividad física sobre el envejecimiento cerebral saludable. Salud Cienc Tecnol [Internet]. 2023 [citado 26 Jun 2024]; 3:e13. Disponible en: https://revista.saludcyt.ar/ojs/index.php/sct/article/view/415/811
13. Ramos MV. Aspectos destacados de las Guías de la Sociedad Europea de Cardiología sobre cardiología deportiva y ejercicio en pacientes con enfermedad cardiovascular. Rev Urug Cardiol [Internet]. 2020 [citado 26 Jun 2024]; 35(3):61–68. Disponible en: http://www.scielo.edu.uy/pdf/ruc/v35n3/1688-0420-ruc-35-03-61.pdf
14. Cruz O, Ramírez D, Zaldívar B. Ejercicios físicos terapéuticos en el medio acuático para adultos mayores hipertensos. Acción [Internet]. 2020 [citado 26 Jun 2024]; 16:e9. Disponible en: https://accion.uccfd.cu/index.php/accion/article/view/107
15. López P, Parra Rizo MA. Efecto y adecuación del ejercicio para la mejora cardiovascular de la población mayor de 65 años. Rev Psicol Salud [Internet]. 2020 [citado 26 Jun 2024]; 8(1):e15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21134/pssa.v8i1.670
16. Magallanes K, Robalino M. Hipertensión Arterial en la Persona Mayor [Internet]. En: Guía Esencial de Medicina Interna en el Primer Nivel de Atención. Quito, Ecuador: Cuevas Editores SAS; 2024 [consultado 26 Jun 2024]; p. e360. Disponible en: http://cuevaseditores.com/libros/2024/abril/medicinainternatomo17.pdf#page=80
17. Gómez-Sánchez M, Gómez-Sánchez L, Patino M, Alonso R, Sánchez N, Recio J. Relación del envejecimiento vascular saludable con los estilos de vida y el síndrome metabólico en población general española. Estudio EVA. Rev Esp Cardiol [Internet]. 2021 [citado 26 Jun 2024]; 74(10):854–61. Disponible en: http://www.revespcardiol.org/es-pdf-S0300893220303985
18. Anchía Chavarría K, Naranjo González E, Sáenz Varela E. Manejo de la hipertensión en adultos mayores: un reto clínico actual. Cienc Salud [Internet]. 2023 [citado 26 Jun 2024]; 7(4):101–12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.34192/cienciaysalud.v7i4.672
19. García L, Centurión O. Medidas preventivas y manejo diagnóstico y terapéutico de la hipertensión arterial y las crisis hipertensivas. Rev Salud Publica Parag [Internet]. 2020 [citado 26 Jun 2024]; 10(2):59–66. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18004/rspp.2020.diciembre.59
20. Pedralli ML, Waclawovsky G, Camacho A, Markoski MM, Castro I, Lehnen AM. Study of endothelial function response to exercise training in hypertensive individuals (SEFRET): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials [Internet]. 2016 [citado 24 Jun 2024]; 17(1):84. Disponible en: http://www.trialsjournal.com/content/17/1/84
21. Evangelista FS. Physical Exercise and the Renin Angiotensin System: Prospects in the COVID-19. Front Physiol [Internet]. 2020 [citado 21 Jun 2024]; 11:561403. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2020.561403
22. López Mejía VA, Nochebuena-Serna R, Hernández-Alvarado MF, Méndez-Ávila JC, Morales-Hernández AG. Ejercicios isométricos como medida terapéutica para el control de hipertensión arterial en el adulto. Revisión de la literatura. Act Física Deporte [Internet] 2023 [citado 26 Jun 2024]; 9(1):e9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31910/rdafd.v9.n1.2023.2209
23. Saavedra F, Fernández H. Efectos del entrenamiento de fuerza en la salud de adultos mayores. Acad J Health Sci Med Balear [Internet]. 2022 [citado 26 Jun 2024]; 37(4):157–63. Disponible en: http://ibdigital.uib.es/greenstone/sites/localsite/collect/medicinaBalear/index/assoc/AJHS_Med/icina_Ba/lear_202/2v37n4p1/57.dir/AJHS_Medicina_Balear_2022v37n4p157.pdf
24. Meta-analysis calculator [Internet]. Meta-Mar. [consultado 6 Jun 2024]. Disponible en: https://meta-mar.shinyapps.io/meta-analysis-calculator/
25. Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, et al. Declaración PRISMA 2020: una guía actualizada para la publicación de revisiones sistemáticas. Rev Esp Cardiol [Internet]. 2021 [citado 8 Jun 2024]; 74(9):790–799. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.recesp.2021.06.016
26. Westhoff TH, Schmidt S, Gross V, Joppke M, Zidek W, van der Giet M, et al. The cardiovascular effects of upper-limb aerobic exercise in hypertensive patients. J Hypertens [Internet]. 2008 [citado 13 Jun 2024]; 26(7):1336–1342. Disponible en: https://journals.lww.com/00004872-200807000-00013
27. Pagonas N, Dimeo F, Bauer F, Seibert F, Kiziller F, Zidek W, et al. The impact of aerobic exercise on blood pressure variability. J Hum Hypertens [Internet]. 2014 [citado 2 Jun 2024]; 28(6):367–371. Disponible en: https://www.nature.com/articles/jhh2013121
28. Dimeo F, Pagonas N, Seibert F, Arndt R, Zidek W, Westhoff TH. Aerobic Exercise Reduces Blood Pressure in Resistant Hypertension. Hypertension [Internet]. 2012 [citado 2 Jun 2024]; 60(3):653–658. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.112.197780
29. Lima LG, Bonardi JTM, Campos GO, Bertani RF, Scher LML, Moriguti JC, et al. Combined aerobic and resistance training: are there additional benefits for older hypertensive adults? Clinics [Internet]. 2017 [citado 2 Jun 2024]; 72(6):363–369. DOI: https://doi.org/10.6061/clinics/2017(06)06
30. Tjønna AE, Lee SJ, Rognmo Ø, Stølen TO, Bye A, Haram M, et al. Aerobic Interval Training Versus Continuous Moderate Exercise as a Treatment for the Metabolic Syndrome: A Pilot Study. Circulation [Internet]. 2008 [citado 13 Jun 2024]; 118(4):346–354. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.772822
31. He L, Wei WR, Can Z. Effects of 12-week brisk walking training on exercise blood pressure in elderly patients with essential hypertension: a pilot study. Clin Exp Hypertens [Internet]. 2018 [citado 13 Jun 2024]; 40(7):673–679. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10641963.2018.1425416
32. Mora‐Rodriguez R, Ramirez‐Jimenez M, Fernandez‐Elias VE, et al. Effects of aerobic interval training on arterial stiffness and microvascular function in patients with metabolic syndrome. J Clin Hypertens [Internet]. 2018 [citado 13 Jun 2024]; 20(1):11–18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jch.13130
33. Guimaraes GV, De Barros Cruz LG, Fernandes-Silva MM, Dorea EL, Bocchi EA. Heated water-based exercise training reduces 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure levels in resistant hypertensive patients: A randomized controlled trial (HEx trial). Int J Cardiol [Internet]. 2014 [citado 13 Jun 2024]; 172(2):434–441. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.01.100
34. Craighead DH, Heinbockel TC, Freeberg KA, et al. Time‐Efficient Inspiratory Muscle Strength Training Lowers Blood Pressure and Improves Endothelial Function, NO Bioavailability, and Oxidative Stress in Midlife/Older Adults With Above‐Normal Blood Pressure. J Am Heart Assoc [Internet]. 2021 [citado 13 Jun 2024]; 10(13):e020980. Disponible en: https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.121.020980
35. Nualnim N, Parkhurst K, Dhindsa M, Tarumi T, Vavrek J, Tanaka H. Effects of Swimming Training on Blood Pressure and Vascular Function in Adults >50 Years of Age. Am J Cardiol [Internet]. 2012 [citado 13 Jun 2024]; 109(7):1005–1010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2011.11.029
36. Glodzik J, Rewiuk K, Adamiak J, Marchewka J. Controlled aerobic training improves endothelial function and modifies vascular remodeling in healthy adults with high normal blood pressure. J Physiol Pharmacol [Internet]. 2018 [citado 13 Jun 2024]; 69(5):699–707. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26402/jpp.2018.5.04
37. Cooper HM, Hedges LV, Valentine JC, editors. The handbook of research synthesis and meta-analysis. 3rd edition. New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2019.
38. DeVito NJ, Goldacre B. Catalogue of bias: publication bias. BMJ Evid-Based Med [Internet]. 2019 [citado 25 Jun 2024]; 24(2):53–54. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjebm-2018-111107
39. Fagard RH, Cornelissen VA. Effect of exercise on blood pressure control in hypertensive patients. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil [Internet]. 2007 [citado 20 Jun 2024]; 14(1):12–17. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/HJR.0b013e3280128bbb
40. Cornelissen VA, Smart NA. Exercise Training for Blood Pressure: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis. J Am Heart Assoc [Internet]. 2013 [citado 1 Jun 2024]; 2(1):e004473. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.112.004473
41. Carpio-Rivera E, Moncada-Jiménez J, Salazar-Rojas W, Solera-Herrera A. Acute Effects of Exercise on Blood Pressure: A Meta-Analytic Investigation. Arq Bras Cardiol [Internet]. 2016 [citado 30 Jun 2024]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5935/abc.20160064
42. Carvalho RSTD, Pires CMR, Junqueira GC, Freitas D, Marchi-Alves LM. Hypotensive Response Magnitude and Duration in Hypertensives: Continuous and Interval Exercise. Arq Bras Cardiol [Internet]. 2014 [citado 30 Jun 2024]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5935/abc.20140193
43. Saco‐Ledo G, Valenzuela PL, Ruiz‐Hurtado G, Ruilope LM, Lucia A. Exercise Reduces Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Patients With Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Am Heart Assoc [Internet]. 2020 [citado 1 Jun 2024]; 9(24):e018487. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.120.018487
44. Cornelissen VA, Verheyden B, Aubert AE, Fagard RH. Effects of aerobic training intensity on resting, exercise and post-exercise blood pressure, heart rate and heart-rate variability. J Hum Hypertens [Internet]. 2010 [citado 1 Jun 2024]; 24(3):175–182. Disponible en: https://www.nature.com/articles/jhh200951
45. Gao W, Lv M, Huang T. Effects of different types of exercise on hypertension in middle-aged and older adults: a network meta-analysis. Front Public Health [Internet]. 2023 [citado 9 Jun 2024]; 11:1194124. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1194124
46. Marçal IR, Goessler KF, Buys R, Casonatto J, Ciolac EG, Cornelissen VA. Post-exercise Hypotension Following a Single Bout of High Intensity Interval Exercise vs. a Single Bout of Moderate Intensity Continuous Exercise in Adults With or Without Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. Front Physiol [Internet]. 2021 [citado 9 Jun 2024]; 12:675289. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.675289
47. Zhou H, Wang S, Zhao C, He H. Effect of exercise on vascular function in hypertension patients: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Front Cardiovasc Med [Internet]. 2022 [citado 9 Jun 2024]; 9:1013490. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2022.1013490
48. Edwards JJ, Deenmamode AHP, Griffiths M, et al. Exercise training and resting blood pressure: a large-scale pairwise and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Br J Sports Med [Internet]. 2023 [citado 20 Jun 2024]; 57(20):1317–1326. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2022-106503
49. Dai L, Jiang Y, Wang P, Chen K. Effects of Three Traditional Chinese Fitness Exercises Combined with Antihypertensive Drugs on Patients with Essential Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med [Internet]. 2021 [citado 13 Jun 2024]; 2021:1–14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/2570472
50. Noone C, Leahy J, Morrissey EC, Newell J, Newell M, Dwyer CP, et al. Comparative efficacy of exercise and anti-hypertensive pharmacological interventions in reducing blood pressure in people with hypertension: A network meta-analysis. Eur J Prev Cardiol [Internet]. 2020 [citado 30 Jun 2024]; 27(3):247–255. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/2047487319879786
51. Semlitsch T, Jeitler K, Hemkens LG, Horvath K, Nagele E, Schuermann C, et al. Increasing Physical Activity for the Treatment of Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Med [Internet]. 2013 [citado 30 Jun 2024]; 43(10):1009–1023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-013-0065-6
52. Perrier-Melo RJ, Costa EC, Farah BQ, Costa MDC. Efeito Agudo do Exercício Intervalado versus Contínuo sobre a Pressão Arterial: Revisão Sistemática e Metanálise. Arq Bras Cardiol [Internet]. 2020 [citado 30 Jun 2024]; 115(1):5–14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36660/abc.20190107
53. Cornelissen VA, Buys R, Smart NA. Endurance exercise beneficially affects ambulatory blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Hypertens [Internet]. 2013 [citado 30 Jun 2024]; 31(4):639–648. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/hjh.0b013e32835ca964
54. Whelton SP, Chin A, He J. Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Blood Pressure: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Circulation [Internet]. 2001 [citado 30 Jun 2024]; 103(suppl_1):1369–1369. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1161/circ.103.suppl_1.9998-97
55. Zayas-Somoza EM, Fundora-Álvarez V, Morejón-Alderete RC, Merino-Concepción JC, Miranda-Ley M, Quevedo-Bastidas IK. Producción científica latinoamericana sobre hipertensión en adultos mayores ambulatorios con progresión a la sarcopenia en Scopus. Rev Ciencias Médicas [Internet]. 2024 [citado 26 Jun 2024]; 28(2024): e6377. Disponible en: http://revcmpinar.sld.cu/index.php/publicaciones/article/view/6377
56. Hernández-Álvarez B, Fundora-Pérez DC, Álvarez-Ossorio L, Álvarez-Hernández JC, Guzmán-López A. Intervención educativa sobre hipertensión arterial en pacientes hipertensos mayores de 40 años de un consultorio médico. Rev Ciencias Médicas [Internet]. 2024 [citado 26 Jun 2024]; 28(2024): e6304. Disponible en: http://revcmpinar.sld.cu/index.php/publicaciones/article/view/6304
2. Guerra O, Rodriguez E, Barceló S. Efectos del Ejercicio Físico en adultos Mayores. Rev Hallazgos21 [Internet]. 2022 [citado 26 Jun 2024]; 7(2):189–195. Disponible en: http://revistas.pucese.edu.ec/hallazgos21/
3. Kazeminia M, Daneshkhah A, Jalali R, Vaisi-Raygani A, Salari N, Mohammadi M. The Effect of Exercise on the Older Adult’s Blood Pressure Suffering Hypertension: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Clinical Trial Studies. Int J Hypertens [Internet]. 2020 [citado 9 Jun 2024]; 2020:1–19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/2786120
4. Hunter PG, Chapman FA, Dhaun N. Hypertension: Current trends and future perspectives. Br J Clin Pharmacol [Internet]. 2021 [citado 21 Jun 2024]; 87(10):3721–3736. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/bcp.14825
5. Carbo Coronel G, Berrones Vivar LF. Riesgos modificables relacionados a la hipertensión arterial. Más Vita Rev Cienc Salud [Internet]. 2022 [citado 26 Jun 2024]; 4(2):196–214. DOI: https://doi.org/10.47606/ACVEN/MV0117
6. Ministerio de Sanidad. Indicadores clave Sistema Nacional de Salud [Internet]. España: Ministerio de Sanidad; 2024 [consultado 26 Jun 2024]. Disponible en: https://inclasns.sanidad.gob.es/main.html
7. Greca R la, Koretzky M, Caniffi C, Damianich G, Choi M. Manejo ambulatorio de la hipertensión arterial en el adulto mayor de 80 años. 2023. Rev Argent Cardiol [Internet]. 2023 [citado 26 Jun 2024]; 91(Supl.7):e52. Disponible en: https://www.fundacionfemeba.org.ar/blog/farmacologia-7/post/manejo-ambulatorio-de-la-hipertension-arterial-en-las-personas-mayores-de-80-anos-documento-de-posicion-de-la-sociedad-argentina-de-cardiologia-51584
8. Seaberg P. La hipertensión y su tratamiento. Una combinación de directrices de Europa y Estados Unidos [Internet]. 2020 [citado 2024 Jun 26]; p. e54. Disponible en: http://ghi.llu.edu/sites/ghi.llu.edu/files/docs/GHC%202020/Speaker%20PPT/Spanish%20Speaker%20PPT/Medicine%20-%20Hypertension%20and%20Its%20Treatment%20-%20Presentation%20Spanish.pdf
9. Navarro O, Picon Y, Conde G, Fernández L, Zabala C, López J. Utilidad del monitoreo ambulatorio de la presión arterial de 24 horas en una población con alto riesgo cardiovascular. Cir Cir [Internet]. 2020 [citado 26 Jun 2024]; 88(5):617–23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24875/ciru.20001576
10. Gambardella J, Morelli MB, Wang X, Santulli G. Pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of physical activity in hypertension. J Clin Hypertens [Internet]. 2020 [citado 9 Jun 2024]; 22(2):291–295. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jch.13804
11. Palo J. Ejercicio físico en pacientes con riesgo cardiovascular: aproximación a la situación desde la farmacia comunitaria. Farm Comunitarios [Internet]. 2020 [citado 26 Jun 2024]; 12(2):14–22. Disponible en: http://www.farmaceuticoscomunitarios.org/es/system/files/journals/1931/articles/fc2020-12-2-03ejercicio-fisico-rcv.pdf
12. San Martín C, Rojas C, Sáez F. Efectos de la actividad física sobre el envejecimiento cerebral saludable. Salud Cienc Tecnol [Internet]. 2023 [citado 26 Jun 2024]; 3:e13. Disponible en: https://revista.saludcyt.ar/ojs/index.php/sct/article/view/415/811
13. Ramos MV. Aspectos destacados de las Guías de la Sociedad Europea de Cardiología sobre cardiología deportiva y ejercicio en pacientes con enfermedad cardiovascular. Rev Urug Cardiol [Internet]. 2020 [citado 26 Jun 2024]; 35(3):61–68. Disponible en: http://www.scielo.edu.uy/pdf/ruc/v35n3/1688-0420-ruc-35-03-61.pdf
14. Cruz O, Ramírez D, Zaldívar B. Ejercicios físicos terapéuticos en el medio acuático para adultos mayores hipertensos. Acción [Internet]. 2020 [citado 26 Jun 2024]; 16:e9. Disponible en: https://accion.uccfd.cu/index.php/accion/article/view/107
15. López P, Parra Rizo MA. Efecto y adecuación del ejercicio para la mejora cardiovascular de la población mayor de 65 años. Rev Psicol Salud [Internet]. 2020 [citado 26 Jun 2024]; 8(1):e15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21134/pssa.v8i1.670
16. Magallanes K, Robalino M. Hipertensión Arterial en la Persona Mayor [Internet]. En: Guía Esencial de Medicina Interna en el Primer Nivel de Atención. Quito, Ecuador: Cuevas Editores SAS; 2024 [consultado 26 Jun 2024]; p. e360. Disponible en: http://cuevaseditores.com/libros/2024/abril/medicinainternatomo17.pdf#page=80
17. Gómez-Sánchez M, Gómez-Sánchez L, Patino M, Alonso R, Sánchez N, Recio J. Relación del envejecimiento vascular saludable con los estilos de vida y el síndrome metabólico en población general española. Estudio EVA. Rev Esp Cardiol [Internet]. 2021 [citado 26 Jun 2024]; 74(10):854–61. Disponible en: http://www.revespcardiol.org/es-pdf-S0300893220303985
18. Anchía Chavarría K, Naranjo González E, Sáenz Varela E. Manejo de la hipertensión en adultos mayores: un reto clínico actual. Cienc Salud [Internet]. 2023 [citado 26 Jun 2024]; 7(4):101–12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.34192/cienciaysalud.v7i4.672
19. García L, Centurión O. Medidas preventivas y manejo diagnóstico y terapéutico de la hipertensión arterial y las crisis hipertensivas. Rev Salud Publica Parag [Internet]. 2020 [citado 26 Jun 2024]; 10(2):59–66. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18004/rspp.2020.diciembre.59
20. Pedralli ML, Waclawovsky G, Camacho A, Markoski MM, Castro I, Lehnen AM. Study of endothelial function response to exercise training in hypertensive individuals (SEFRET): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials [Internet]. 2016 [citado 24 Jun 2024]; 17(1):84. Disponible en: http://www.trialsjournal.com/content/17/1/84
21. Evangelista FS. Physical Exercise and the Renin Angiotensin System: Prospects in the COVID-19. Front Physiol [Internet]. 2020 [citado 21 Jun 2024]; 11:561403. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2020.561403
22. López Mejía VA, Nochebuena-Serna R, Hernández-Alvarado MF, Méndez-Ávila JC, Morales-Hernández AG. Ejercicios isométricos como medida terapéutica para el control de hipertensión arterial en el adulto. Revisión de la literatura. Act Física Deporte [Internet] 2023 [citado 26 Jun 2024]; 9(1):e9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31910/rdafd.v9.n1.2023.2209
23. Saavedra F, Fernández H. Efectos del entrenamiento de fuerza en la salud de adultos mayores. Acad J Health Sci Med Balear [Internet]. 2022 [citado 26 Jun 2024]; 37(4):157–63. Disponible en: http://ibdigital.uib.es/greenstone/sites/localsite/collect/medicinaBalear/index/assoc/AJHS_Med/icina_Ba/lear_202/2v37n4p1/57.dir/AJHS_Medicina_Balear_2022v37n4p157.pdf
24. Meta-analysis calculator [Internet]. Meta-Mar. [consultado 6 Jun 2024]. Disponible en: https://meta-mar.shinyapps.io/meta-analysis-calculator/
25. Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, et al. Declaración PRISMA 2020: una guía actualizada para la publicación de revisiones sistemáticas. Rev Esp Cardiol [Internet]. 2021 [citado 8 Jun 2024]; 74(9):790–799. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.recesp.2021.06.016
26. Westhoff TH, Schmidt S, Gross V, Joppke M, Zidek W, van der Giet M, et al. The cardiovascular effects of upper-limb aerobic exercise in hypertensive patients. J Hypertens [Internet]. 2008 [citado 13 Jun 2024]; 26(7):1336–1342. Disponible en: https://journals.lww.com/00004872-200807000-00013
27. Pagonas N, Dimeo F, Bauer F, Seibert F, Kiziller F, Zidek W, et al. The impact of aerobic exercise on blood pressure variability. J Hum Hypertens [Internet]. 2014 [citado 2 Jun 2024]; 28(6):367–371. Disponible en: https://www.nature.com/articles/jhh2013121
28. Dimeo F, Pagonas N, Seibert F, Arndt R, Zidek W, Westhoff TH. Aerobic Exercise Reduces Blood Pressure in Resistant Hypertension. Hypertension [Internet]. 2012 [citado 2 Jun 2024]; 60(3):653–658. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.112.197780
29. Lima LG, Bonardi JTM, Campos GO, Bertani RF, Scher LML, Moriguti JC, et al. Combined aerobic and resistance training: are there additional benefits for older hypertensive adults? Clinics [Internet]. 2017 [citado 2 Jun 2024]; 72(6):363–369. DOI: https://doi.org/10.6061/clinics/2017(06)06
30. Tjønna AE, Lee SJ, Rognmo Ø, Stølen TO, Bye A, Haram M, et al. Aerobic Interval Training Versus Continuous Moderate Exercise as a Treatment for the Metabolic Syndrome: A Pilot Study. Circulation [Internet]. 2008 [citado 13 Jun 2024]; 118(4):346–354. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.772822
31. He L, Wei WR, Can Z. Effects of 12-week brisk walking training on exercise blood pressure in elderly patients with essential hypertension: a pilot study. Clin Exp Hypertens [Internet]. 2018 [citado 13 Jun 2024]; 40(7):673–679. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10641963.2018.1425416
32. Mora‐Rodriguez R, Ramirez‐Jimenez M, Fernandez‐Elias VE, et al. Effects of aerobic interval training on arterial stiffness and microvascular function in patients with metabolic syndrome. J Clin Hypertens [Internet]. 2018 [citado 13 Jun 2024]; 20(1):11–18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jch.13130
33. Guimaraes GV, De Barros Cruz LG, Fernandes-Silva MM, Dorea EL, Bocchi EA. Heated water-based exercise training reduces 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure levels in resistant hypertensive patients: A randomized controlled trial (HEx trial). Int J Cardiol [Internet]. 2014 [citado 13 Jun 2024]; 172(2):434–441. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.01.100
34. Craighead DH, Heinbockel TC, Freeberg KA, et al. Time‐Efficient Inspiratory Muscle Strength Training Lowers Blood Pressure and Improves Endothelial Function, NO Bioavailability, and Oxidative Stress in Midlife/Older Adults With Above‐Normal Blood Pressure. J Am Heart Assoc [Internet]. 2021 [citado 13 Jun 2024]; 10(13):e020980. Disponible en: https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.121.020980
35. Nualnim N, Parkhurst K, Dhindsa M, Tarumi T, Vavrek J, Tanaka H. Effects of Swimming Training on Blood Pressure and Vascular Function in Adults >50 Years of Age. Am J Cardiol [Internet]. 2012 [citado 13 Jun 2024]; 109(7):1005–1010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2011.11.029
36. Glodzik J, Rewiuk K, Adamiak J, Marchewka J. Controlled aerobic training improves endothelial function and modifies vascular remodeling in healthy adults with high normal blood pressure. J Physiol Pharmacol [Internet]. 2018 [citado 13 Jun 2024]; 69(5):699–707. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26402/jpp.2018.5.04
37. Cooper HM, Hedges LV, Valentine JC, editors. The handbook of research synthesis and meta-analysis. 3rd edition. New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2019.
38. DeVito NJ, Goldacre B. Catalogue of bias: publication bias. BMJ Evid-Based Med [Internet]. 2019 [citado 25 Jun 2024]; 24(2):53–54. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjebm-2018-111107
39. Fagard RH, Cornelissen VA. Effect of exercise on blood pressure control in hypertensive patients. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil [Internet]. 2007 [citado 20 Jun 2024]; 14(1):12–17. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/HJR.0b013e3280128bbb
40. Cornelissen VA, Smart NA. Exercise Training for Blood Pressure: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis. J Am Heart Assoc [Internet]. 2013 [citado 1 Jun 2024]; 2(1):e004473. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.112.004473
41. Carpio-Rivera E, Moncada-Jiménez J, Salazar-Rojas W, Solera-Herrera A. Acute Effects of Exercise on Blood Pressure: A Meta-Analytic Investigation. Arq Bras Cardiol [Internet]. 2016 [citado 30 Jun 2024]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5935/abc.20160064
42. Carvalho RSTD, Pires CMR, Junqueira GC, Freitas D, Marchi-Alves LM. Hypotensive Response Magnitude and Duration in Hypertensives: Continuous and Interval Exercise. Arq Bras Cardiol [Internet]. 2014 [citado 30 Jun 2024]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5935/abc.20140193
43. Saco‐Ledo G, Valenzuela PL, Ruiz‐Hurtado G, Ruilope LM, Lucia A. Exercise Reduces Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Patients With Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Am Heart Assoc [Internet]. 2020 [citado 1 Jun 2024]; 9(24):e018487. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.120.018487
44. Cornelissen VA, Verheyden B, Aubert AE, Fagard RH. Effects of aerobic training intensity on resting, exercise and post-exercise blood pressure, heart rate and heart-rate variability. J Hum Hypertens [Internet]. 2010 [citado 1 Jun 2024]; 24(3):175–182. Disponible en: https://www.nature.com/articles/jhh200951
45. Gao W, Lv M, Huang T. Effects of different types of exercise on hypertension in middle-aged and older adults: a network meta-analysis. Front Public Health [Internet]. 2023 [citado 9 Jun 2024]; 11:1194124. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1194124
46. Marçal IR, Goessler KF, Buys R, Casonatto J, Ciolac EG, Cornelissen VA. Post-exercise Hypotension Following a Single Bout of High Intensity Interval Exercise vs. a Single Bout of Moderate Intensity Continuous Exercise in Adults With or Without Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. Front Physiol [Internet]. 2021 [citado 9 Jun 2024]; 12:675289. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.675289
47. Zhou H, Wang S, Zhao C, He H. Effect of exercise on vascular function in hypertension patients: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Front Cardiovasc Med [Internet]. 2022 [citado 9 Jun 2024]; 9:1013490. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2022.1013490
48. Edwards JJ, Deenmamode AHP, Griffiths M, et al. Exercise training and resting blood pressure: a large-scale pairwise and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Br J Sports Med [Internet]. 2023 [citado 20 Jun 2024]; 57(20):1317–1326. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2022-106503
49. Dai L, Jiang Y, Wang P, Chen K. Effects of Three Traditional Chinese Fitness Exercises Combined with Antihypertensive Drugs on Patients with Essential Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med [Internet]. 2021 [citado 13 Jun 2024]; 2021:1–14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/2570472
50. Noone C, Leahy J, Morrissey EC, Newell J, Newell M, Dwyer CP, et al. Comparative efficacy of exercise and anti-hypertensive pharmacological interventions in reducing blood pressure in people with hypertension: A network meta-analysis. Eur J Prev Cardiol [Internet]. 2020 [citado 30 Jun 2024]; 27(3):247–255. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/2047487319879786
51. Semlitsch T, Jeitler K, Hemkens LG, Horvath K, Nagele E, Schuermann C, et al. Increasing Physical Activity for the Treatment of Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Med [Internet]. 2013 [citado 30 Jun 2024]; 43(10):1009–1023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-013-0065-6
52. Perrier-Melo RJ, Costa EC, Farah BQ, Costa MDC. Efeito Agudo do Exercício Intervalado versus Contínuo sobre a Pressão Arterial: Revisão Sistemática e Metanálise. Arq Bras Cardiol [Internet]. 2020 [citado 30 Jun 2024]; 115(1):5–14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36660/abc.20190107
53. Cornelissen VA, Buys R, Smart NA. Endurance exercise beneficially affects ambulatory blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Hypertens [Internet]. 2013 [citado 30 Jun 2024]; 31(4):639–648. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/hjh.0b013e32835ca964
54. Whelton SP, Chin A, He J. Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Blood Pressure: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Circulation [Internet]. 2001 [citado 30 Jun 2024]; 103(suppl_1):1369–1369. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1161/circ.103.suppl_1.9998-97
55. Zayas-Somoza EM, Fundora-Álvarez V, Morejón-Alderete RC, Merino-Concepción JC, Miranda-Ley M, Quevedo-Bastidas IK. Producción científica latinoamericana sobre hipertensión en adultos mayores ambulatorios con progresión a la sarcopenia en Scopus. Rev Ciencias Médicas [Internet]. 2024 [citado 26 Jun 2024]; 28(2024): e6377. Disponible en: http://revcmpinar.sld.cu/index.php/publicaciones/article/view/6377
56. Hernández-Álvarez B, Fundora-Pérez DC, Álvarez-Ossorio L, Álvarez-Hernández JC, Guzmán-López A. Intervención educativa sobre hipertensión arterial en pacientes hipertensos mayores de 40 años de un consultorio médico. Rev Ciencias Médicas [Internet]. 2024 [citado 26 Jun 2024]; 28(2024): e6304. Disponible en: http://revcmpinar.sld.cu/index.php/publicaciones/article/view/6304
Published
2025-03-19
How to Cite
1.
Valdespino-Mendieta FO, Begoña-Zubero M, Wong-Silva J. Effectiveness of physical exercise in the control of arterial hypertension in adults: systematic review and meta-analysis. Rev Inf Cient [Internet]. 2025 Mar. 19 [cited 2025 Apr. 4];104:e4937. Available from: https://revinfcientifica.sld.cu/index.php/ric/article/view/4937
Issue
Section
Review Articles
