Relationship between socioeconomic factors of parents and chronic malnutrition in children in Ecuador

Abstract

Introduction: childhood malnutrition is a public health problem that affects millions of children worldwide, especially in developing countries. In Ecuador, it is a critical public health challenge. Objective: to identify and analyze the relationship between socioeconomic factors that characterize parents and chronic malnutrition in children under two years of age, in the Julio Andrade Parish, Ecuador, from January to May 2024. Method: a quantitative, descriptive, and correlational study was conducted. Surveys were administered to parents (n=43) to collect information on family income, access to basic services, and general living conditions. An analysis of the children's anthropometric data was also performed, allowing for a precise quantification and assessment of their nutritional status. Results: a high incidence of low income was revealed among the surveyed families: 76.7% received less than USD 200.00 per month. Furthermore, 65.1% had restricted access to government bonds and significant deficiencies in basic services such as drinking water (53.5% with piped water supply) and sewage (55.8% used septic tanks). As a direct consequence, an alarming proportion of children presented moderate or severe stunting. Conclusion: poverty and the lack of basic services are key determinants of chronic childhood malnutrition in Ecuador. Comprehensive public policies are needed, including financial assistance, nutrition education programs, and substantial improvements to health infrastructure.