Clinical and epidemiological aspects of osteoarthritis in the Hospital Provincial of Zaire, Angola

Abstract

Introduction: osteoarthritis is a chronic degenerative joint disease, with an inflammatory component included, its characterized by degeneration and progressive loss of hyaline cartilage and subchondral bone and also for synovial tissue damage.

Objective: to describe the clinical and epidemiological aspects of patients diagnosed with osteoarthritis at the Provincial Hospital of Zaire in the Republic of Angola, from September 2021 to September 2022.

Method: a descriptive, longitudinal cohort study was carried out using the data gathered from the Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology of the institution. The universe consisted of 489 patients and the study sample consisted of n꓿167. Bivariate correlation tests were performed using the Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis.

Results: the predominant age group was 61 to 70 years old (28.7%), with women sex as predominant (58.1%), with an evolution time of more than 5 years (35.9%), and the knee was the most affected joint (observed in 62 patients). A considerable positive correlation between the time of the disease evolution and the degree of disability was demonstrated using the Pearson's coefficient value (0.407), value that shows a great statistical significance.

Conclusions: osteoarthritis is a degenerative disease of varied etiology that occurs at early ages, more frequently in the female sex associated with the knee joint, and there is a correlation between the time of evolution and the degree of disability produces by the disease.