Clinical and imaging aspects of the patients diagnosed with extrapulmonary tuberculosis, Havana 2016-2019
Keywords:
tuberculosis, extrapulmonary tuberculosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosisAbstract
Introduction: extrapulmonary tuberculosis shows a complexity that can influence in its morbidity and mortality rates.
Objective: to characterize the patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis from a clinical-imaging perspective in the Hospital Neumológico Benéfico Jurídico in Havana in the period 2016-2019.
Method: a descriptive, retrospective and cross-sectional study was carried out in 34 patients with the diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. The variables taken into account were: age, gender, risk factors for the disease, symptoms and clinical signs, radiological findings, diagnosis methods used, and location.
Results: male patients with ages ranging between 26 to 35 years predominated in the study (29.4%). 73.5% of the patients presented risk factors of the disease, being most common: contact of previous tuberculosis patients (29.4%), ex-inmates (17.6%) and alcoholics (14.7%). 58.8% of the patients presented fever and general symptoms like anorexia (44.1%), weight loss (41.2%) and asthenia (38.2%). The most common radiological finding was pleural effusion (47%), and the most frequent extrapulomary form of the disease was tuberculous pleurisy (15 cases representing a 44.1%). The clinical-radiological method made diagnose possible in 50% of the patients.
Conclusions: the most common clinical manifestations were fever, weight loss and asthenia. The clinical-radiological method is the most frequently used, and the most frequent radiological finding was the pleural effusion. Pleural location was the most common extrapulmonary form of tuberculosis.
Downloads
References
2. Khan MK, Islam MN, Ferdous J, Alam MM. An Overview on Epidemiology of Tuberculosis. Mymensingh Med J [en línea]. 2019 [citado 12 Sep 2020]; 28(1):259-266. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30755580/
3. Hockhausen K, Odegaard K, Boersma B, Keegan JM. A Review of Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis. S D Med [en línea]. 2018 [citado 12 Sep 2020]; 71(3):116-119. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29991098/
4. Caminero Luna JA. Tuberculosis extrapulmonar. En: Guía de la Tuberculosis para Médicos Especialistas. Unión Internacional Contra la Tuberberculosis y Enfermedades Respiratorias. (UICTER). Paris: Editorial Compogravure; 2003. p: 328-339.
5. OMS. Informe mundial sobre la tuberculosis 2019. Ginebra: OMS; 2018 [en línea]. 2019 [citado 12 Sep 2020]. Disponible en: https://www.who.int/tb/publications/global_report/en/
6. PAHO. Tuberculosis in the Americas 2018. Washington: PAHO; 2018 [en línea]. [citado 12 Sep 2020]. Disponible en: https://www.paho.org/en/topics/tuberculosis
7. Dirección Nacional de Registros Médicos y Estadísticas de Salud. Anuario Estadístico de Salud 2019 [en línea]. La Habana: MINSAP; 2020 [citado 14 Sep 2020]. Disponible en: http://files.sld.cu/bvscuba/files/2020/05/Anuario-Electr%C3%B3nico-Espa%C3%B1ol-2019-ed-2020.pdf
8. OMS. Estrategia Alto a la Tuberculosis. Componentes de la estrategia y medidas de aplicación. Washington: OMS; 2015 [en línea]. [citado 12 Sep 2020] Disponible en: https://www.who.int/tb/publications/2015/end_tb_essential_spanish_web.pdf
9. Mechal Y, Elmostafa B, Mrimar Nadia El, Benlahlou Y, Fatna B, Zegmout A, et al. Evaluation of GeneXpert MTB/RIF system performances in the diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. BMC Infect Dis [en línea]. 2019 [citado 12 Sep 2020]: 19(1):1069. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31856744/
10.Wang DM, Li QF, Zhu M, Xu YH, Luo J, Li YJ, et al. Analysis of infection and drug-resistance in 6 107 cases of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Chengdu area. Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi [en línea]. 2017 [citado 12 Sep 2020]: 40(8):592-595. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28810312/
11.Noa Garbey M, Verdecia Winter Y, Frómeta Orduñez D, Terry Jordán I, Pulsan Laje C. Factores epidemiológicos de tuberculosis en Guantánamo. Universidad de Ciencias Médicas. Guantánamo. Cuba. RIC [en línea]. 2016 [citado 12 Sep 2020]. 95(5):721‐730. Disponible en: http://www.revinfcientifica.sld.cu/index.php/ric/article/view/65/2155
12.Stangalino VY, Gómez JA, González J, Averbach J, Iriart J, Soprano VA, et al. Tuberculosis Extrapulmonar: Otra cara de la misma moneda. Argentina Rev Intra Med J [en línea]. 2014 [citado 12 Sep 2020]: 3(1). Disponible en: http://journal.intramed.net/index.php/Intramed_Journal/article/view/284
13.Cherian JJ, Lobo I, Sukhlecha A, Chawan U, Kshirsagar NA, Nair BL, Sawardekar L. Treatment outcome of extrapulmonary tuberculosis under Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme. Indian J Tuberc [en línea]. 2017 [citado 12 Sep 2020]: 64(2):104-108. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28410692/
14.Valdés Díaz S, García Silvera E, Rosas Valladares C, Cayon Escobar IG, Valladares Baena A, Crespo Díaz TT. Patrones radiológicos y diagnóstico definitivo de enfermos presuntivos de tuberculosis pulmonar con baciloscopía negativa. Rev Cubana Med Trop [en línea]. 2011 [citado 12 Sep 2020]: 63(2):130-4. Disponible en: http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0375-07602011000200004
15.García Silvera E, Yera Pérez DM, Valdés Díaz S, Hernández Hernández M, Rives Rodríguez R. Comportamiento de la tuberculosis extrapulmonar en el Hospital Neumológico Benéfico Jurídico durante el quinquenio 1999-2003. Rev Cubana Med Trop [en línea]. 2006 [citado 12 Sep 2020]; 58(3). Disponible en: http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0375-07602006000300003
