Modulación inmunitaria de los macrófagos: influencia del TGF-β1 en la dinámica de la IL-1β en la infección por el virus del dengue
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13741644Palabras clave:
dengue, macrófago, IL-1β, TGF-β1, inflamación, inmunidad innataResumen
Introducción: varios mecanismos patogénicos contribuyen a la gravedad de la infección por el virus del dengue. Estos incluyen la citotoxicidad viral, la genética del huésped y comorbilidades como la diabetes y la dislipidemia. Los pacientes con dengue grave muestran una respuesta inmune descontrolada con altos niveles de citocinas proinflamatorias (TNF, IL-1β, IL-8, IL-6) y quimiocinas, que dañan el endotelio microvascular. Las citocinas antiinflamatorias (IL-4, IL-10 y TGF-β1) también se encuentran aumentadas. El papel de TGF-β1 en el dengue sigue siendo poco claro. Existen pocos estudios, y la mayoría de ellos utilizan datos séricos de pacientes. Estos sugieren efectos tanto protectores como dañinos.
Objetivo: este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar cómo TGF-β1 regula la secreción de IL-1β en macrófagos infectados con dengue in vitro, esto se llevó a cabo en el laboratorio de inmunidad innata, en la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, México.
Método: la línea celular THP-1 se trató con TGF-β1 recombinante antes o después de la infección por el virus del dengue (DENV). Las células se diferenciaron en macrófagos mediante PMA. Los datos se obtuvieron mediante ensayos de RT-PCR, IFA y ELISA. Las variables analizadas incluyeron la expresión y secreción de IL-1β. El análisis estadístico incluyó pruebas t de Student.
Resultados: la RT-PCR mostró que la expresión de IL-1β fue similar en las células pretratadas y control. Sin embargo, la secreción de IL-1β disminuyó solo cuando las células fueron estimuladas con TGF-β1 antes de la infección. El tratamiento después de la infección no tuvo efecto. El bloqueo del receptor de TGF-β1 (SB505124) antes del tratamiento con TGF-β1 y la infección por DENV anuló el efecto inhibidor de TGF-β1.
Conclusiones: estos hallazgos sugieren que el DENV podría regular la función del TGF-β1 en macrófagos. La regulación negativa de la vía del TGF-β1 es potencialmente un mecanismo por el cual el DENV evade la respuesta inmunitaria. Esto podría contribuir a la inmunopatología.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Javier Serrato Salas, Brenda Ramírez Agüero, José Luis Montiel Hernández, Judith González Christen

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