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Actualización sobre las principales guÃas clÃnicas de manejo en trastornos hipertensivos del embarazo
Resumen
Introducción: los trastornos hipertensivos del embarazo, en especial la preeclampsia, son un problema de salud pública local e internacional, debido al incremento de los factores de riesgo en mujeres de edad fértil. Objetivo: evaluar la relevancia de los trastornos hipertensivos y su estudio por los profesionales obstetras y médicos de primer nivel de atención en el Ecuador. Método: se realizó revisión de artÃculos cientÃficos actualizados en diferentes bases de datos donde se abordaron las generalidades de su clasificación, fisiopatologÃa, predicción de preeclampsia, prevención de los trastornos hipertensivos, tratamientos de estos trastornos, tratamiento de la crisis o emergencia hipertensiva, eclampsia, manejo expectante de la preeclampsia severa. Resultados: según se plantea, la hipertensión y la preeclampsia pueden surgir por primera vez posparto, y la hipertensión posparto representa hasta el 25 % de todos los trastornos hipertensivos. La hipertensión severa se asocia con una morbilidad y mortalidad materna significativa, incluido un mayor riesgo de enfermedades cerebrovasculares. Por lo tanto, se recomienda terapia antihipertensiva urgente para reducir la presión arterial. Consideraciones finales: es de suma importancia realizar tamizaje de riesgo a todas las pacientes embarazadas, junto con una evaluación cardiovascular detallada para detectar la presencia de factores de riesgo o condiciones cardiometabólicas que favorezcan la aparición de las enfermedades hipertensivas durante el embarazo.
Palabras clave
Referencias
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