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Eficacia de los cannabinoides en los síntomas del trastorno de espectro autista: una revisión sistemática
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Introducción: el trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) se usa para describir un espectro de discapacidades del neurodesarrollo. Caracterizado por comportamientos sensoriales y motores repetitivos y estereotipados, deterioro de la interacción social recíproca y la presencia de intereses restringidos.
Objetivo: evaluar la eficacia de los cannabinoides en el tratamiento de los síntomas del trastorno del espectro autista.
Método: se realizó una búsqueda sistemática de ensayos clínicos desde 2018 hasta el 2023 a través de los metabuscadores Pubmed, Web of Science y Scopus utilizando la metodología PRISMA 2020.
Resultados: Seis ensayos clínicos fueron incluidos, con un número total de 556 personas con diagnóstico de TEA. Cuatro estudios describieron mejoría en algunos de los síntomas del TEA. Todos reportaron eventos adversos leves y moderados. En todos los estudios se recogen datos proporcionados por los padres o cuidadores.
Conclusiones: el uso del cannabis en el TEA es prometedor. Es necesario llevar a cabo investigaciones futuras adicionales con un nivel de evidencia sólido para aclarar los posibles beneficios del empleo de cannabis medicinal. Estos estudios deben contar con muestras más amplias, extenderse durante períodos más largos y permitir la evaluación de diversos rangos de respuestas a diferentes dosis. Los cannabinoides demostraron seguridad y no hubo casos de resultados fatales asociados con la intervención.
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