Neurolinguistics evidence of oral discourse in schizophrenic patients. Comparative analysis with Wernicke's aphasia

Erislandy Omar-Martinez, Mariana Milena Pino Melgarejo, Omar Amed Cruz Cardona, Victor Manuel Pardo-Maza

Resumen

Introduction: in schizophrenia, the presence of a digressive oral discourse is very frequent, plenty of paraphasias and neologisms, provoked by the alterations of thought, which is common in this illness. This form of empty oral discourse, full of paraphasias and neologisms, is one of the characteristic clinical manifestations of Wernicke's aphasia; with the difference that, in these patients, the symptomatology is linguistic, not secondary to alterations of thought. What cognitive mechanisms lead to similar verbal behaviors in both groups of patients?

Objective: the purpose of this research was to obtain empirical evidence about cognitive mechanisms that underlie the alterations of verbal communication in both types of patients, from the comparative analysis of their execution in neurocognitive and neurolinguistic tests.

Method: the study was implemented in a population of 70 patients organized into two groups: 35 aphasics and 35 schizophrenics. Both groups were subjected to the tests of Semantic Matching of Images, Identification of Homonymous Images and Oral Denomination of Images and Comics. Data processing involved descriptive statistics and Student's t-test for comparative analysis between groups.

Results: indicate that there are no significant differences between groups in semantic processing. In the formation of lexical concepts, schizophrenics show worse performance; while aphasics perform worse on neurolinguistic examination tests.

Conclusions: empirical evidence shows that the oral discourse of both groups of patients is markedly digressive and empty, with paraphasias and neologisms, but linguistically different.

Palabras clave

afasia; esquizofrenia; lenguaje oral; neurolingüística; neuropsicología

Referencias

American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, DSM-5 TM. Washington, DC: APA; 2013.

World Health Organization. World Health Statistics 2022. who.int; 2022. Disponible en: https://www.who.int/news/item/20-05-2022-world-health-statistics-2022

World Health Organization. International classification of disease. 11th Revision. WHO; 2018.

Boer JN de, Brederoo SG, Voppel AE, Sommer IEC. Anomalies in language as a biomarker for schizophrenia. Curr Opin Psyc [Internet]. 2020 [citado 24 Mar 2023]; 33(3):[aproximadamente 7 p.]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/yco.0000000000000595

American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, DSM-IV. Washington, DC: APA; 1995.

World Health Organization. The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioral Disorders. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1992.

Boer J de, van Hoogdalem M, Mandl R, Brummelman J, Voppel A, Begemann M. Language in schizophrenia: relation with diagnosis, symptomatology and white matter tracts. Npj Schizophr [Internet]. 2020 [citado 24 Mar 2023]; 6(10):[aproximadamente 10 p.]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41537-020-0099-3

Çokal D, Sevilla G, Jones WS, Zimmerer V, Deamer F, Douglas M. The language profile of formal thought disorder. NPJ Schizophrenia [Internet]. 2018 [citado 24 Mar 2023]; 4(18):[aproximadamente 10 p.]. DOI: https://doi:10.1038/s41537-018-0061-9

Nestsiarovich A, Obyedkov V, Kandratsenka H, Siniauskaya M, Goloenko I, Waszkiewicz N. Disorganization at the stage of schizophrenia clinical outcome: clinical–biological study. Europ Psych [Internet]. 2017 [citado 24 Mar 2023]; 42:[aproximadamente 5 p.]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.12.011

Voppel A, Boer J de, Brederoo S, Schnack H, Sommer I. Quantified language connectedness in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Psych Res [Internet]. 2021 [citado 24 Mar 2023]; 304:[aproximadamente 11 p.]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114130

Baldo JV, Paulraj SR, Curran BC, Dronkers NF. Impaired reasoning and problem solving in individuals with language impairment due to aphasia or language delay. Front Psych [Internet]. 2015 [citado 24 Mar 2023]; 6:[aproximadamente 14 p.]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01523

Woolf C, Panton A, Rosen S, Best W, Marshall J. Therapy for Auditory Processing Impairment in Aphasia: An evaluation of two approaches. Aphasiology [Internet]. 2014 [citado 24 Mar 2023]; 28(12):[aproximadamente 25 p.]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02687038.2014.931921

Luna-Sánchez R. Estudio observacional del lenguaje y la comunicación en una muestra de pacientes con esquizofrenia. Gimbernat-Cantabria: University of Cantabria; 2016. Disponible en: https://repositorio.unican.es/xmlui/handle/10902/10560

Omar-Martinez E, Rodríguez-Abreu Y, Salazar-Guerra YI, Pino-Melgarejo M, Pardo-Maza VM. Aphasic language in schizophrenia or schizophrenic language in aphasia? Neuropsychological and neurolinguistics evidences. Rev Arg Clín Psicola [Internet]. 2019 [citado 24 Mar 2023]; 28(2):[aproximadamente 8 p.]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24205/03276716.2017.1040

Crow TJ. Auditory hallucination as primary disorders of syntax: an evolutionary theory of the origins of language. Cognit Neuropsych [Internet]. 2004 [citado 24 Mar 2023]; 9(1-2):[aproximadamente 20 p.]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13546800344000192

Du J, Palaniyappan L, Liu Z, Cheng W, Gong W, Zhu M. The genetic determinants of language network dysconnectivity in drug-naïve early-stage schizophrenia. NPJ Schizophr [Internet]. 2021 [citado 24 Mar 2023]; 7(18):[aproximadamente 10 p.]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41537-021-00141-8

Dörr O. Schizophrenia, language and evolution (or the schizophrenias as logopathies). Actas Esp Psiq [Internet]. 2010 [citado 24 Mar 2023]; 38(1):[aproximadamente 11 p.]. Disponible en: https://www.actaspsiquiatria.es/repositorio//11/61/ENG/11-61-ENG-1-7-696235.pdf

Den Hoed J, Fisher SE. Genetic pathways involved in human speech disorders. Curr Opin Gen Develop [Internet]. 2020 [citado 24 Mar 2023]; 65:[aproximadamente 8 p.]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gde.2020.05.012

Palaniyappan L, Du J, Zhang J, Feng J. Reply to: “Historical pursuits of the language pathway hypothesis of schizophrenia. NPJ Schizophr [Internet]. 2021 [citado 24 Mar 2023]; 7 (54):[aproximadamente 4 p.]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41537-021-00183-y

Boer JN de, Voppel AE, Brederoo SG, Schnack HG, Truong KP, Wijnen FN. Acoustic speech markers for schizophrenia spectrum disorders: a diagnostic and symptom-recognition tool. Psych Med [Internet]. 2023 [citado 24 Mar 2023]; 53:[aproximadamente 10 p.]. Disponible en: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291721002804

Parola A, Simonsen A, Bliksted V, Fusaroli R. Voice patterns in schizophrenia: A systematic review and Bayesian meta-analysis. Schizoph Res [Internet]. 2020 [citado 24 Mar 2023]; 216:[aproximadamente 17 p.]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2019.11.031

Boer J de, Voppel A, Brederoo S, Wijnen, Sommer I. Language disturbances in schizophrenia: the relation with antipsychotic medication. NPJ Schizophr [Internet]. 2020 [citado 24 Mar 2023]; 6(24):[aproximadamente 10 p.]. Disponible en: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41537-020-00114-3

Pawelczyk A, Kotlicka M, Lojek E, Ruszpel A, Pawelczyk. Schizophrenia patients have higher-order language and extralinguistic impairments. Schizoph Res [Internet]. 2018 [citado 24 Mar 2023]; 192:[aproximadamente 7 p.]. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2017.04.030

Cavelti M, Kircher T, Nagels A, Strik W, Homan P. Is formal thought disorder in schizophrenia related to structural and functional aberrations in the language network? A systematic review of neuroimaging findings. Schizoph Res [Internet]. 2018 [citado 24 Mar 2023]; 199:[aproximadamente 15 p.]. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2018.02.051

Jimeno N. Evaluación psicopatológica del lenguaje en las esquizofrenias: revisión bibliográfica. Rev Chilen NeuroPsiq [Internet]. 2019 [citado 24 Mar 2023]; 57(1):[aproximadamente 9 p.]. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0717-92272019000100034

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10198402



Copyright (c) 2024 Erislandy Omar-Martínez, Mariana Milena Pino Melgarejo, Omar Amed Cruz CardonaI, Víctor Manuel Pardo-Maza

Licencia de Creative Commons
Esta obra está bajo una licencia de Creative Commons Reconocimiento 4.0 Internacional.