Suplementação com vitaminas, minerais e outros micronutrientes durante a gravidez
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7844151Palavras-chave:
gravidez, minerais, nutrição materna, suplemento, vitaminasResumo
Introdução: a nutrição adequada durante a gravidez depende não só da ingestão correta de alimentos, mas também da administração adequada de vitaminas, minerais e outros nutrientes na forma de suplementos.
Objetivo: descrever aspectos relacionados à suplementação com ácido fólico, ferro, iodo, cálcio, vitamina B12 e ômega-3, durante a gestação.
Método: foi realizada uma revisão sistemática entre maio de 2022 e março de 2023 sobre a suplementação com algumas vitaminas e minerais durante a gravidez. Bases de dados eletrônicas de literatura científica biomédica como: UpToDate, Science Direct, SciELO e PUBMED, LILACS foram revisadas. A busca dos artigos foi realizada no período de 2016 a 2022. Os termos de busca nas bases de dados foram: suplementos “Vitamins”, “Micronutrients”, “Minerals” e “Pregnancy”, nos idiomas inglês e espanhol.
Resultados: as necessidades de vitaminas, minerais e diferentes nutrientes aumentam na gravidez. Uma dieta adequada e o consumo de micronutrientes na forma de suplementos são o suporte básico para um desenvolvimento adequado da mãe e do feto; por outro lado, uma nutrição adequada reduz o risco de malformações congênitas, complicações obstétricas, fetais e perinatais. Nem todas as gestantes precisam da mesma quantidade de suplementos, por isso é necessário identificar aquelas com maior risco de apresentar deficiência.
Conclusões: a suplementação de vitaminas, minerais e outros micronutrientes durante a gravidez é muito importante para reduzir o risco de complicações obstétricas e anomalias fetais e perinatais.
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Referências
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14. Silva Leal N, Fernández Massó JR, Aznar García E, Guerra Ramos F. Sobre la efectividad de una preparación orgánica de hierro en el tratamiento de la anemia durante el embarazo. Rev Cubana Aliment Nutr [Internet]. 2019 [citado 20 Ene 2023]; 29(1):17-29. Disponible en: https://revalnutricion.sld.cu/index.php/rcan/article/view/667
15. Simeoni U, Armengaud JB, Siddeek B, Tolsa JF. Perinatal origins of adult disease. Neonatology [Internet]. 2018 [citado 20 Ene 2023]; 113(4):393-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000487618
16. Sun X, Li H, He X, Li M, Yan P, Xun Y, Lu C, Yang K, Zhang X. The association between calcium supplement and preeclampsia and gestational hypertension: a systematic review and metaanalysis of randomized trials. Hypert Preg [Internet]. 2019 May [citado 20 Ene 2023]; 38(2):129-139. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10641955.2019.1593445
17. OPS. Síntesis de evidencia y recomendaciones para manejo de la suplementación con calcio antes y durante el embarazo para la prevención de la preeclampsia y sus complicaciones. Rev Panam Salud Púb [Internet]. 2021 [citado 20 Ene 2023]; 45:e134. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26633/RPSP.2021.134
18. Palacios C, Kostiuk LK, Peña-Rosas JP. Vitamin D supplementation for women during pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev [Internet]. 2019 Jul [citado 20 Ene 2023]; 7(7):CD008873. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd008873.pub4
19. Middleton P, Gomersall JC, Gould JF, Shepherd E, Olsen SF, Makrides M. Omega‐3 fatty acid addition during pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev [Internet]. 2018 [citado 27 Sep 2022]; 11(11):CD003402. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd003402.pub3
20. Brown B, Wright C. Safety and efficacy of supplements in pregnancy. Nutr Rev [Internet]. 2020 Oct [citado 28 Sep 2022]; 78(10):813-26. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuz101
21. ACOG. Nutrition During Pregnancy. www.acog.org. [citado 22 Sep 2022]. Disponible en: https://www.acog.org/en/womens-health/faqs/nutrition-during-pregnancy
22. Marshall NE, Abrams B, Barbour LA, Catalano P, Christian P, Friedman JE, et al. The importance of nutrition in pregnancy and lactation: lifelong consequences. Am J Obst Gyn [Internet]. 2022 May [citado 27 Sep 2022]; 226(5):607-632. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2021.12.035
23. Kominiarek MA, Rajan P. Nutrition Recommendations in Pregnancy and Lactation. Med Clin North Am [Internet]. 2016 Nov [citado 18 Sep 2022]; 100(6):1199-215. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcna.2016.06.004
24. Seymour JV de, Simmonds LA, Gould J, Makrides M, Middleton P. Omega-3 fatty acids to prevent preterm birth: Australian pregnant women’s preterm birth awareness and intentions to increase omega-3 fatty acid intake. Nutrition J [Internet]. 2019 Nov [citado 27 Sep 2022]; 18(1):74. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-019-0499-2
25. Güler B, Bilgiç D, Okumuş H, Yağcan H, Alan M. An investigation of vitamin and mineral supplement recommendation among first-trimester pregnancies. J Perinat Med [Internet]. 2019 Nov [citado 28 Sep 2022]; 47(9):958-962. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/jpm-2019-0178
26. Xiang C, Luo J, Yang G, Sun M, Liu H, Yang Q, et al. Dietary Supplement Use during Pregnancy: Perceptions versus Reality. Int J Environ Res Pub Health [Internet]. 2022 Mar [citado 27 Sep 2022]; 19(7):4063. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19074063
27. Moreno-Fernandez J, Ochoa JJ, Lopez-Frias M, Diaz-Castro J. Impact of early nutrition, physical activity and sleep on the fetal programming of disease in the pregnancy: A narrative review. Nutrients [Internet]. 2020 [citado 20 Ene 2023]; 12(12):3900. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12123900
2. Santana Porbén S. Sobre el estado nutricional de las mujeres embarazadas encuestadas en el municipio Guanajay. Rev Cubana Aliment Nutr [Internet]. 2022 [citado 20 Ene 2023]; 31(2):[aproximadamente 12 p.]. Disponible en: https://revalnutricion.sld.cu/index.php/rcan/article/view/1238
3. Mousa A, Naqash A, Lim S. Macronutrient and micronutrient intake during pregnancy: an overview of recent evidence. Nutrients [Internet]. 2019 [citado 26 Ene 2023]; 11(2):E443. Disponible en: https://research.monash.edu/en/publications/macronutrient-and-micronutrient-intake-during-pregnancy-an-overvi
4. Martínez García RM, Jiménez Ortega AI, Peral-Suárez Á, Bermejo LM, Rodríguez-Rodríguez E. Importancia de la nutrición durante el embarazo. Impacto en la composición de la leche materna. Nutr Hosp [Internet]. 2020 [citado 26 Ene 2023]; 37(spe2):38-42. Disponible en: http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0212-16112020000600009&lng=es
5. Kot K, Kosik-Bogacka D, Lanocha-Arendarczyk N, Malinowski W, Szymański S, Mularczyk M, et al. Interactionsbetween 14 elements in the human placenta, fetal membrane and umbilical cord. Int J Environ Res Pub Health [Internet]. 2019 [citado 26 Ene 2023]; 16(9):1615. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fijerph16091615
6. Bailey RL, Pac SG, Fulgoni VL, Reidy KC, Catalano PM. Estimation of total usual dietary intakes of pregnant women in the United States. JAMA Netw Open [Internet]. 2019 [citado 26 Ene 2023]; 2(6):e195967. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.5967
7. Diab L, Krebs NF. Vitamin excess and deficiency. Pediatr Rev [Internet]. 2018 Apr [citado 26 Ene 2023]; 39(4):161-79. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1542/pir.2016-0068
8. Gonzáles GF, Olavegoya P. Fisiopatología de la anemia durante el embarazo: ¿anemia o hemodilución? Rev Peru Gin Obst [Internet]. 2019 Oct [citado 26 Ene 2023]; 65(4):489-502. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31403/rpgo.v65i2210
9. Demuth IR, Martin A, Weissenborn A. Iron supplementation during pregnancy a cross-sectional study undertaken in four German states. BMC Preg Child [Internet]. 2018 [citado 26 Ene 2023]; 18(1):491. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-018-2130-5
10. Mejía-Montilla J, Reyna-Villasmil N, Reyna-Villasmil E. Consumo de micronutrientes durante el embarazo y la lactancia. Rev Peru Gin Obst [Internet]. 2021 Oct [citado 26 Ene 2023]; 67(4). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31403/rpgo.v67i2368
11. Hernández Ugalde F, Martínez Leyva G, Rodríguez Acosta Y, Hernández Suárez D, Pérez García A, Almeida Campos S. Ácido fólico y embarazo, ¿beneficio o riesgo? Rev Méd Electrón [Internet]. 2019 [citado 16 Ene 2023]; 41(1):142-55. Disponible en: http://scielo.sld.cu/pdf/rme/v41n1/1684-1824-rme-41-01-142.pdf
12. Perichart-Perera O, Rodríguez-Cano AM., Gutiérrez-Castrellón Pedro. Importancia de la suplementación en el embarazo: papel de la suplementación con hierro, ácido fólico, calcio, vitamina D y multivitamínicos. Gac Méd Méx [Internet]. 2020 [citado 26 Ene 2023]; 156(Supl 3):S1-S26. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24875/gmm.m20000434
13. Jonker H, Capelle N, Lanes A, Wen SW, Walker M, Corsi DJ. Maternal folic acid supplementation and infant birthweight in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review. Matern Child Nutr [Internet]. 2020 Jan [citado 16 Ene 2023]; 16(1):e12895. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.12895
14. Silva Leal N, Fernández Massó JR, Aznar García E, Guerra Ramos F. Sobre la efectividad de una preparación orgánica de hierro en el tratamiento de la anemia durante el embarazo. Rev Cubana Aliment Nutr [Internet]. 2019 [citado 20 Ene 2023]; 29(1):17-29. Disponible en: https://revalnutricion.sld.cu/index.php/rcan/article/view/667
15. Simeoni U, Armengaud JB, Siddeek B, Tolsa JF. Perinatal origins of adult disease. Neonatology [Internet]. 2018 [citado 20 Ene 2023]; 113(4):393-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000487618
16. Sun X, Li H, He X, Li M, Yan P, Xun Y, Lu C, Yang K, Zhang X. The association between calcium supplement and preeclampsia and gestational hypertension: a systematic review and metaanalysis of randomized trials. Hypert Preg [Internet]. 2019 May [citado 20 Ene 2023]; 38(2):129-139. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10641955.2019.1593445
17. OPS. Síntesis de evidencia y recomendaciones para manejo de la suplementación con calcio antes y durante el embarazo para la prevención de la preeclampsia y sus complicaciones. Rev Panam Salud Púb [Internet]. 2021 [citado 20 Ene 2023]; 45:e134. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26633/RPSP.2021.134
18. Palacios C, Kostiuk LK, Peña-Rosas JP. Vitamin D supplementation for women during pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev [Internet]. 2019 Jul [citado 20 Ene 2023]; 7(7):CD008873. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd008873.pub4
19. Middleton P, Gomersall JC, Gould JF, Shepherd E, Olsen SF, Makrides M. Omega‐3 fatty acid addition during pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev [Internet]. 2018 [citado 27 Sep 2022]; 11(11):CD003402. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd003402.pub3
20. Brown B, Wright C. Safety and efficacy of supplements in pregnancy. Nutr Rev [Internet]. 2020 Oct [citado 28 Sep 2022]; 78(10):813-26. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuz101
21. ACOG. Nutrition During Pregnancy. www.acog.org. [citado 22 Sep 2022]. Disponible en: https://www.acog.org/en/womens-health/faqs/nutrition-during-pregnancy
22. Marshall NE, Abrams B, Barbour LA, Catalano P, Christian P, Friedman JE, et al. The importance of nutrition in pregnancy and lactation: lifelong consequences. Am J Obst Gyn [Internet]. 2022 May [citado 27 Sep 2022]; 226(5):607-632. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2021.12.035
23. Kominiarek MA, Rajan P. Nutrition Recommendations in Pregnancy and Lactation. Med Clin North Am [Internet]. 2016 Nov [citado 18 Sep 2022]; 100(6):1199-215. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcna.2016.06.004
24. Seymour JV de, Simmonds LA, Gould J, Makrides M, Middleton P. Omega-3 fatty acids to prevent preterm birth: Australian pregnant women’s preterm birth awareness and intentions to increase omega-3 fatty acid intake. Nutrition J [Internet]. 2019 Nov [citado 27 Sep 2022]; 18(1):74. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-019-0499-2
25. Güler B, Bilgiç D, Okumuş H, Yağcan H, Alan M. An investigation of vitamin and mineral supplement recommendation among first-trimester pregnancies. J Perinat Med [Internet]. 2019 Nov [citado 28 Sep 2022]; 47(9):958-962. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/jpm-2019-0178
26. Xiang C, Luo J, Yang G, Sun M, Liu H, Yang Q, et al. Dietary Supplement Use during Pregnancy: Perceptions versus Reality. Int J Environ Res Pub Health [Internet]. 2022 Mar [citado 27 Sep 2022]; 19(7):4063. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19074063
27. Moreno-Fernandez J, Ochoa JJ, Lopez-Frias M, Diaz-Castro J. Impact of early nutrition, physical activity and sleep on the fetal programming of disease in the pregnancy: A narrative review. Nutrients [Internet]. 2020 [citado 20 Ene 2023]; 12(12):3900. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12123900
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2023-04-19
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Vaca-Pérez DF, Favier-Torres MA. Suplementação com vitaminas, minerais e outros micronutrientes durante a gravidez. Rev Inf Cient [Internet]. 19º de abril de 2023 [citado 2º de abril de 2025];102:4142. Disponível em: https://revinfcientifica.sld.cu/index.php/ric/article/view/4142
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