Endodontic accidents due to file fracture in the biomechanical preparation of root canals

Abstract

Introduction: the nickel-titanium alloy (NiTi) has revolutionized endodontics. References are still scarce, but a review concluded that the flexibility of the alloy makes it an ideal material in endodontics. NiTi files, whether manual or rotary, have the potential to improve the dentist's ability to perform instrumented examinations of curved root canals. Objective: to investigate the limitations and strengths of NiTi, to refine the techniques used to make the most of this unique material. Method: a systematic review was carried out that has a qualitative and descriptive approach on endodontic accidents during the biomechanical preparation of the root canal with manual files. To search for information, the Google Scholar metasearch engine was used, as well as specialized databases such as SciELO, Elsevier, Redalyc, Medigraphic with the following combination (FRACTURE) AND (FILES) with clinical inclusion criteria in the last 5 years that provided information with scientific validity. Results: of the 16 articles, 100% agreed that there is no exact number of how many times the same file can be used, considering several factors. There are several methods for removing fractured files; however, most authors consider that the first choice is to use anything that is non-surgical, so that the result is less invasive. Conclusions: both manual and rotary files have the same probability of fracture in the root canal, so it is important to select the appropriate file for each case in order to prepare it properly, which thus reduces the risk of fracture.