Acute kidney injury associated with electrolyte disturbances

Abstract

Introduction: acute kidney injury is a clinical syndrome, which suddenly disturbs the body's homeostasis. In older adults, water-electrolyte imbalance and the use of drugs are the most common causes of the syndrome. Objective: the aim of this study is to analyze the most common water-electrolyte imbalances emerging in patients with acute kidney injury. Method: a literature review supporting in a documentary analysis technique was carried out. The scientific articles were found in databases such as MEDLINE, Scopus, Redalyc, Latindex, including digital platforms such as Google Scholar. Articles published from January 2018 to February 2023 were included, articles published in English and Spanish that contain important information on the topic, as well as generalities, epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, a diagnostic approach and treatment. Results: the literatures studied revealed that calcium, potassium and phosphate were the electrolytes sustances with the highest association with acute kidney injury, causing related disturbance such as hypocalcemia (with a calcium less than 8.5 mg/dL), hyperkalemia (with concentration of potassium above 5 mmol/L), acidosis and hyperphosphatemia (with a level concentration of phosphate above 4.5 mg/dL). Final considerations: the analysis revealed that correcting electrolyte excesses or deficiency is essential in the human body. Using methods like hydroelectrolytic replacement.