Aerosols in dental clinics, increased risk concern of SARS-CoV-2 related infection
Keywords:
aerosols, dental service, turbines, acute respiratory syndrome, virus, SARS-CoV-2, pandemicAbstract
Introduction: the use of aerosols in dental clinics represents a very important risk factor to be in focus as they could resulting in bacterial transmission to healthcare workers and entity environment through the dispersion of tiny droplets. Its use, in the presence of COVID-19 pandemic, represents a danger to human life.
Objective: to gather essential information that argue the risk of SARS-CoV-2 related infection when using aerosols in dental care clinics, as well as the additional measures taken into account for preventing infection of health personnel.
Method: it was conducted a bibliographic review at the Clínica Estomatológica Provincial Docente "Mártires del Moncada" in Santiago de Cuba from January to September, 2020. Searches concerning the importance of the use of aerosols in dental clinics and how to use it in this current pandemic were carried out in the data bases Pubmed, Medline, Science Direct, SciELO, and Google scholar.
Results: the information found revealed norms, measures, clinical criteria, precautions and recommendations related to the use of aerosols in the dental clinic.
Conclusions: in addition to standard precautions, it is essential to avoid the use of tools and devices that generate aerosols, since they increase the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Also it is important not to remove the protection means use in the dental office, the need for workers to knowledge all protocol, among others important aspects.
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References
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2. Villarroel-Dorrego M. SARS-CoV-2 en la práctica odontológica. Acta odontol Ven [Internet]. 2020 [citado 14 Jun 2021]; 58(Extra 1):11-12. Disponible en: https://www.actaodontologica.com/ediciones/2020/especial/art-6/
3. Rivera C. Dental aerosols in the context of COVID19 pandemic. Int J Odontostomat [Internet]. 2020 [citado 8 Sep 2020]; 14(4):519-522. Disponible en: http://www.ijodontostomatology.com/es/articulo/los-aerosoles-dentales-a-proposito-de-la-pandemia-por-covid-19/
4. Froum S, Strange SM. COVID-19 and the Problem with Dental Aerosols. www.perioimplantadvisory.com. 2020 Abr [citado 8 Sep 2020]. Disponible en: https://www.perioimplantadvisory.com/periodontics/oral-medicine-anesthetics-and-oral-systemic-connection/article/14173521/covid19-and-the-problem-with-dental-aerosols
5. Fathizadeh H, Maroufi P, Momen-Heravi M, Dao S, Kšse S, Ganbarov K, et al. Protection and disinfection policies against SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). Infez Med [Internet]. 2020 [citado 8 Sep 2020]; 28(2):185-91. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32275260/
6. Pan American Health Organization. Prevention and control of health care–associated infections. Basic Recommendations [Internet]. Washington: PAHO; 2018. [citado 2 Sep 2020]. Disponible en: https://iris.paho.org/handle/10665.2/34570
7. Bustamante Andrade MF, Herrera Machuca J, Ferreira Adam R, Riquelme Sánchez D. Contaminación bacteriana generada por aerosoles en ambiente odontológico. Int J Odontostomat [Internet]. 2014 Abr [citado 27 Jun 2021]; 98(1):99-105. Disponible en: https://www.england.nhs.uk/coronavirus/wpcontent/uploads/sites/52/2020/04/C0282
8. Bentley CD, Broderius CA, Crawford JJ. Evaluating spatter and aerosol contamination during dental procedures. J Am Dent Assoc [Internet]. 1994 May [citado 28 Sep 2020]; 125(5):579-84. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8195499/
9. Pankhurst CL. Risk assessment of dental unit waterline contamination. Prim Dent Care [Internet]. 2003 [citado 28 Sep 2020]; 10(1):5-10. Disponible en: https://www.saudident.com
10.Ziegler CG, Cao Y, Guo Z, Wang JP, Finberg RW, Garber M, et al. SARS-CoV-2 Receptor ACE2 Is an Interferon-Stimulated Gene in Human Airway Epithelial Cells and Is Detected in Specific Cell Subsets across Tissues. Cell [Internet] 2020 May. [citado 8 Sep 2020]; 181(5):1016-35.e19. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7252096/
11.Sohrabi C, Alsafi Z, O'Neill N, Khan M, Kerwan A, Al-Jabir A, et al. World Health Organization declares global emergency: A review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19). Int J Sur [Internet]. 2020 Feb 26 [citado 14 Jun 2021]; 76:71-75. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7105032/
12.Lu H, Stratton CW, Tang YW. Outbreak of pneumonia of unknown etiology in Wuhan, China: The mystery and the miracle. J Med Virol [Internet]. 2020 Apr [citado 14 Jun 2021]; 92(4):401. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31950516/
13.She J, Jiang J, Ye L, Hu L, Bai C, Song Y. Novel coronavirus of pneumonia in Wuhan, China: emerging attack and management strategies. Clin Transl Med [Internet]. 2020 [citado 14 Jun 2021]; 9:19. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7033263/
14.Sabino Silva R, Jardim ACG, Siqueira WL. Coronavirus COVID-19 impacts to dentistry and potential salivary diagnosis. Clin Oral Inv [Internet]. 2020 Feb [citado 14 Jun 2021]; 24(4):1619-1621. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32078048/
15.Ramírez Truque M, Herrera Morice M. Rol del laboratorio clínico ante la epidemia del COVID-19: revisión de los métodos diagnósticos disponibles y sus limitaciones. Rev Med Costa Rica [Internet]. 2020 [citado 28 May 2021]; 85(629). Disponible en: http://www.revistamedicacr.com/index.php/rmcr/article/viewFile/295/272
16.Bahl P, Doolan C, Silva C de, Chughtai AA, Bourouiba L, MacIntyre CR. Airborne or droplet precautions for health workers treating COVID-19?. J Infect Dis [Internet]. 2020 Abr [citado 8 Sep 2020]:jiaa189. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaa189
17.Shpuntoff H, Shpuntoff L. High-speed dental handpieces and spread of airborne infections. N.Y. State Dent J [Internet]. 1993 Jan [citado 28 Sep 2020]; 59(1):21-3. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8421589/
18.To KK, Tsang OT, Chik Yan Yip C, Chan KH, Wu TC, Chan JMC, et al. Consistent detection of 2019 novel coronavirus in saliva. Clin Infect Dis [Internet]. 2020 Jul 28 [citado 29 Jun 2021]; 71(15):841-843. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa149
19.Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, Li X, Yang B, Song J, et al. A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China. N Engl J Med [Internet]. 2019 Feb [citado 8 Sep 2020]; 382(8):727-33. Disponible en: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejmoa2001017
20.Zou X, Chen K, Zou J, Han P, Hao J, Han Z. Single-cell RNA-seq data analysis on the receptor ACE2 expression reveals the potential risk of different human organs vulnerable to 2019-nCoV infection. Front Med [Internet]. 2020 Mar [citado 24 Jul 2020]. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32170560/
21.Morales Navarro D. Acciones del personal de salud del área estomatológica en relación a la COVID-19. Rev Cubana Estomatol [Internet]. 2020 [citado 14 Jun 2021]; 57(1):e3245. Disponible en: http://www.revestomatologia.sld.cu/index.php/est/article/view/3245
22.Wang P, Anderson N, Pan Y, Poon L, Charlton C, Zelyas N, et al. The SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak: Diagnosis, Infection Prevention, and Public Perception. Clin Chem [Internet]. 2020 Mar [citado 2 Sep 2020]; 66(5):644-651. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/hvaa080
23.Zhou P, Yang XL, Wang XG, Hu B, Zhang L, Zhang W, et al. A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin. Nature [Internet]. 2020 [citado 24 Jun 2021]; 579(7798):270-273. Disponible en: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2012-7
24.PAHO/WHO. Prevención y control de infecciones y nuevo coronavirus (COVID-19): precauciones estándares y uso de equipos de protección personal [Internet]. Washington: PAHO/WHO; 2020 [citado 24 Jun 2021]. Disponible en: https://www.paho.org/es/file/59395/download?token=_Z8Nptw
25.Santiago I, Huntington K, Johnston M, Quinn S, Williams F. Microbial contamination of dental unit waterlines: short and long-term effects of flushing. Gen Dent [Internet]. 1994 [citado 28 Sep 2020]; 42(6):528-35. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23087981/
26.Frichembruder K, Mello Dos Santos C, Neves Hugo F. Dental emergency: Scopingreview. PLoSOne [Internet]. 2020 Feb [citado 8 Sep 2020]; 15(2):e0222248. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32058998/
27.Wood PR. Cross Infection Control in Dentistry: A Practical Illustrated Guide [Internet]. Michigan: Mosby Year Book; 1992. [citado 28 Sep 2020]; 127. Disponible en: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/infection-control-and-hospital-epidemiology/article/abs/cross-infection-control-in-dentistry-a-practical-illustrated-guidepr-wood-london-england-mosby-year-book1992-207-pages/120C1713451F4850DAC3BD26172B16C6
28.Sacchetti R, Baldissarri A, Luca G de, Lucca P, Stampi S, Zanetti F. Microbial contamination in dental unit waterlines: comparison between Er: YAG laser and turbine lines. Ann Agric Environ Med [Internet]. 2006 [citado 28 Sep 2020]; 13(2):275-9. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17196001/
29.Kruse RL. Therapeutic strategies in an outbreak scenario to treat the novel coronavirus originating in Wuhan, China. F1000Res [Internet]. 2020 Feb [citado 8 Sep 2020]; 9:72. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7029759/
30.Xu H, Zhong L, Deng J, Peng J, Dan H, Zeng X, et al. High expression of ACE2 receptor of 2019-nCoV on the epithelial cells of oral mucosa. Int J Oral Sci [Internet]. 2020 Feb [citado 14 Jun 2021]; 12(8). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41368-020-0074-x
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Published
2021-11-08
How to Cite
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León-Betancourt EC, Duharte-Escalante AB, Cuevas-Gandaria M de los Ángeles, Corona-Carpio MH. Aerosols in dental clinics, increased risk concern of SARS-CoV-2 related infection. Rev Inf Cient [Internet]. 2021 Nov. 8 [cited 2025 Jun. 25];100(6):e3485. Available from: https://revinfcientifica.sld.cu/index.php/ric/article/view/3485
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